Production of biodiesel: A technical review

The energy crises, particularly the fear of depletion of mineral oils are becoming a very serious issue. Non-oil producing countries are becoming the victim of the scenario. On the other hand the environmental pollution, green house effect, global warming and acid rain are also threatening the life....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Renewable & sustainable energy reviews 2011-12, Vol.15 (9), p.4732-4745
Main Authors: Shahid, Ejaz M., Jamal, Younis
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acid deposition
Alcohols
Applied sciences
Biodiesel
Biodiesel Transesterification Super critical methanol Microwave irradiations
Catalysts
Diesel
Energy
Exact sciences and technology
feedstocks
Global warming
Houses
Microwave irradiations
Operating temperature
pollution
specific gravity
Super critical methanol
temperature
Transesterification
vegetable oil
viscosity
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Summary:The energy crises, particularly the fear of depletion of mineral oils are becoming a very serious issue. Non-oil producing countries are becoming the victim of the scenario. On the other hand the environmental pollution, green house effect, global warming and acid rain are also threatening the life. Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel which can cater the problems. Vegetable oils can be used to substitute mineral diesel after reducing their viscosity and specific gravity. For this purpose different techniques are used. Among these, transesterification is frequently used as it is the most reliable, most feasible, and can be used to produce biodiesel easily. The conversion efficiency of biodiesel via transesterification depends upon the nature of feedstock, amount and type of alcohol and catalyst, operating temperature, and reaction time. In this study the performance of alkaline, acidic, and enzymatic catalysts have been reviewed. Modern techniques of development of biodiesel i.e., use of microwaves and super critical alcohol have also been discussed critically.
ISSN:1364-0321
1879-0690
DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.079