Leukogram abnormalities in gnotobiotic pigs infected with porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus that is the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), a disease complex affecting swine around the world. Although this virus is believed to negatively affect the host's immune system, the mechanism...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2011-12, Vol.154 (1), p.185-190
Main Authors: Gauger, P.C., Lager, K.M., Vincent, A.L., Opriessnig, T., Cheung, A.K., Butler, J.E., Kehrli, M.E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Biological and medical sciences
Circoviridae Infections - immunology
Circoviridae Infections - veterinary
Circoviridae Infections - virology
Circovirus - immunology
Circovirus - pathogenicity
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Germ-Free Life
Germ-free pigs
Leukocyte Count - veterinary
Leukocytes - immunology
Leukocytes - pathology
Leukocytes - virology
Leukogram
Lymphocytes - immunology
Lymphocytes - pathology
Lymphocytes - virology
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Neutralization Tests
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - pathology
Neutrophils - virology
PCV2
PCVAD
Porcine circovirus associated disease
Swine - immunology
Swine - virology
Swine Diseases - immunology
Swine Diseases - virology
Virology
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Summary:Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus that is the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), a disease complex affecting swine around the world. Although this virus is believed to negatively affect the host's immune system, the mechanism by which PCV2 induces disease is not completely understood. This report describes a series of PCV2 experiments using the gnotobiotic pig model in which a relationship was demonstrated between abnormal leukograms and development of clinical disease in PCV2-infected pigs. When compared to control pigs the leukogram was characterized by a decrease in lymphocytes within 14 days post inoculation (dpi) followed by an increase in neutrophils 7–14 days later. No significant changes in the circulating monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil cell populations were detected. The combination of an absolute neutrophilia and lymphopenia produced a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio that was predictive of clinical disease and was inversely correlated with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Based on previous reports, the lymphopenia may be attributed to a direct cytolytic effect of the virus and could negatively affect the pig's immune response. The role of the neutrophilia in the pathogenesis of PCVAD in gnotobiotic pigs is unknown.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.016