The effect of recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on mortality and culling in Holstein dairy cows

The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of recurrent episodes of different types of clinical mastitis (CM) caused by gram-positive (Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp.) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dairy science 2011-10, Vol.94 (10), p.4863-4877
Main Authors: Hertl, J.A., Schukken, Y.H., Bar, D., Bennett, G.J., González, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Welcome, F.L., Tauer, L.W., Gröhn, Y.T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal productions
Animals
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Biological and medical sciences
Cattle
Citrobacter
Corynebacterium bovis
culling
dairy cows
dairy farming
Dairying
death
Enterobacter
Escherichia coli
Female
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria - physiology
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - mortality
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - veterinary
gram-positive
Gram-Positive Bacteria - physiology
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - mortality
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - veterinary
herds
Holstein
Klebsiella
lactation
Lactation - physiology
mastitis
Mastitis, Bovine - microbiology
Mastitis, Bovine - mortality
Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams
mortality
Mycoplasma
New York
profitability
Pseudomonas
recurrent mastitis
risk
Risk Factors
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Terrestrial animal productions
Vertebrates
yeasts
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Summary:The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of recurrent episodes of different types of clinical mastitis (CM) caused by gram-positive (Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp.) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) bacteria, and other organisms (Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Mycoplasma, Corynebacterium bovis, yeast, miscellaneous) on the probability of mortality and culling in Holstein dairy cows. Data from 30,233 lactations in cows of 7 dairy farms in New York State were analyzed. Cows were followed for the first 10 mo in lactation, or until death or culling occurred, or until the end of our study period. Generalized linear mixed models with a Poisson error distribution were used to study the effects of recurrent cases of the different types of CM and several other factors (herd, parity, month of lactation, current year and season, profitability, net replacement cost, other diseases) on cows’ probability of death (model 1) or being culled (model 2). Primiparous and multiparous cows were modeled separately because they had different risks of mortality and culling and potentially different CM effects on mortality and culling. Approximately 30% of multiparous cows had at least one case of CM in lactation compared with 16.6% of primiparous cows. Multipara also had higher lactational incidence risks of second (10.7%) and third (4.4%) cases than primipara (3.7% and 1.1%, respectively). For primipara, CM increased the probability of death, with each successive case occurring in a month being increasingly lethal. In multipara, gram-negative CM increased the probability of death, especially when the gram-negative case was the first or second CM case in lactation. Primiparous cows with CM were more likely to be culled after CM than if they did not have CM, particularly after a second or third case. In multipara, any type of CM increased the probability of being culled. Gram-negative CM cases were associated with the numerically highest risk of culling.
ISSN:0022-0302
1525-3198
DOI:10.3168/jds.2010-4000