Adaptive cytokine production in early life differentially predicts total IgE levels and asthma through age 5 years

Background Although it has been postulated that allergic disease is associated with a predominance of TH 2 cells, whether IgE levels and asthma might differ in their relation to early-life cytokine production is not known. Objective We sought to assess the relationship between first-year adaptive im...

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Published in:	Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2011-08, Vol.128 (2), p.397-402.e2
Main Authors:	Rothers, Janet, MS, Halonen, Marilyn, PhD, Stern, Debra A., MS, Lohman, I. Carla, MS, Mobley, Sara, BA, Spangenberg, Amber, BS, Anderson, Dayna, BS, Wright, Anne L., PhD
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adaptive Immunity - immunology Age Allergens - immunology Allergies Allergy and Immunology Asthma Asthma - immunology Asthma - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Child, Preschool children Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma Cohort Studies Cytokines Cytokines - biosynthesis Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundamental immunology Humans Hypersensitivity, Immediate - immunology IFN-γ IgE IL-13 IL-4 IL-5 Immune system Immunoglobulin E - blood Immunopathology Infant Infant, Newborn Medical sciences Pneumology Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis Studies Th1 Cells - immunology Th2 Cells - immunology
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Summary:	Background Although it has been postulated that allergic disease is associated with a predominance of TH 2 cells, whether IgE levels and asthma might differ in their relation to early-life cytokine production is not known. Objective We sought to assess the relationship between first-year adaptive immune cytokine production with asthma and total IgE levels through age 5 years in a nonselected birth cohort. Methods Mitogen (concanavalin A/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)–stimulated IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ levels were measured in supernatants from cord blood mononuclear cells and PBMCs at birth, 3 months, and 12 months. Total serum IgE levels and physician-diagnosed active asthma were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years. Longitudinal models that adjust for both TH 1 and TH 2 cytokine production were used to determine relations of outcomes. Results Relations of cytokines to total IgE levels and asthma were strikingly different. Total IgE levels through age 5 years were positively associated with 12-month IL-4 ( P < .001), IL-5 ( P < .001), and IL-13 ( P = .02) levels when adjusted for IFN-γ levels and inversely associated with 12-month IFN-γ levels after IL-4 adjustment ( P = .01). Active asthma through age 5 years was positively associated with 3-month IL-13 levels adjusted for IFN-γ (odds ratio, 2.6; P < .001) and inversely associated with 3-month IFN-γ levels adjusted for IL-13 (odds ratio, 0.5; P = .001). These relations were strongest for nonatopic asthma. Conclusion Total IgE levels and active asthma through age 5 years are associated with adaptive cytokine production in early life, although relations vary temporally and with regard to the relative importance of individual cytokines.
ISSN:	0091-6749 1097-6825