Synergistic virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in a murine periodontitis model

Summary Chronic periodontitis is characterized by the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth and has been associated with the presence of a subgingival polymicrobial biofilm containing Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. We have investigated the potential synergistic virulence...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular oral microbiology 2011-08, Vol.26 (4), p.229-240
Main Authors: Orth, R.K-H., O'Brien-Simpson, N.M., Dashper, S.G., Reynolds, E.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alveolar bone loss
Alveolar Bone Loss - microbiology
animal model
Animal models
Animals
Biofilms
Bone (alveolar)
Bone loss
chronic periodontitis
Chronic Periodontitis - immunology
Chronic Periodontitis - microbiology
Cytokines
Data processing
Dentistry
Disease Models, Animal
DNA, Bacterial - analysis
gamma -Interferon
Immune response
Inoculation
Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis
Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis
Leukocyte Count
Lymphocytes T
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Microbial Interactions - physiology
Periodontitis
Porphyromonas
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Teeth
Treponema
Treponema denticola
Treponema denticola - immunology
Virulence
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Summary:Summary Chronic periodontitis is characterized by the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth and has been associated with the presence of a subgingival polymicrobial biofilm containing Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. We have investigated the potential synergistic virulence of P. gingivalis and T. denticola using a murine experimental model of periodontitis. An inoculation regime of four intra‐oral doses of 1 × 1010P. gingivalis cells induced significant periodontal bone loss compared with loss in sham‐inoculated mice, whereas doses of 1 × 109 cells or lower did not induce bone loss. Inoculation with T. denticola with up to eight doses of 1 × 1010 cells failed to induce bone loss in this model. However, four doses of a co‐inoculum of a 1 : 1 ratio of P. gingivalis and T. denticola at 5 × 108 or 1 × 109 total bacterial cells induced the same level of bone loss as four doses of 1 × 1010P. gingivalis cells. Co‐inoculation induced strong P. gingivalis‐specific T‐cell proliferative and interferon‐γ‐dominant cytokine responses, and induced a strong T. denticola‐specific interferon‐γ dominant cytokine response. Only at the higher co‐inoculum dose of 1 × 1010 total cells was a T. denticola‐specific T‐cell proliferative response observed. These data show that P. gingivalis and T. denticola act synergistically to stimulate the host immune response and to induce alveolar bone loss in a murine experimental periodontitis model.
ISSN:2041-1006
2041-1014
DOI:10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00612.x