Volatile compounds in the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) possess antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate and identify phytochemicals with anti- Helicobacter pylori activity from the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea . The plant crude extract was fractionated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography techniques, initially with ethyl acetate (EA) and s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of antimicrobial agents 2011-10, Vol.38 (4), p.319-324
Main Authors: Njume, C, Afolayan, A.J, Green, E, Ndip, R.N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amoxicillin
Anacardiaceae
Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
anti-infective properties
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen
bark
Biological and medical sciences
drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Essential oils
ethyl acetate
fractionation
gas chromatography
Gastrointestinal Diseases - drug therapy
Helicobacter Infections - drug therapy
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori - drug effects
Helicobacter pylori - isolation & purification
Human bacterial diseases
Humans
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
mass spectrometry
Medical sciences
Medicinal plant
methanol
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
minimum inhibitory concentration
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
phytopharmaceuticals
Phytotherapy
Plant Bark
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plant Extracts - therapeutic use
Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidines - isolation & purification
Pyrrolidines - pharmacology
Sclerocarya birrea
silica gel
stems
Terpenes - isolation & purification
Terpenes - pharmacology
Terpinen-4-ol
thin layer chromatography
volatile compounds
Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry
Volatile Organic Compounds - pharmacology
Volatile Organic Compounds - therapeutic use
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Summary:Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate and identify phytochemicals with anti- Helicobacter pylori activity from the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea . The plant crude extract was fractionated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography techniques, initially with ethyl acetate (EA) and subsequently with a combination of ethyl acetate/methanol/water (EMW). Further fractionation and identification of the phytoconstituents was achieved by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the fractions and compounds was evaluated against five metronidazole- and clarithromycin-resistant strains of H. pylori as well as a reference strain ATCC 43526 using the microbroth dilution technique. Amoxicillin was included in the experiments as a positive control antibiotic. Of the 18 fractions collected, 16 demonstrated anti- H. pylori activity with 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50 ) values ranging from 310 μg/mL to 2500 μg/mL. Two of the fractions (EMW fraction 6 and EA fraction 1) revealed the presence of 5 and 24 compounds, respectively, representing 40.5% and 86.57% of the total composition. Most of the compounds were essential oils, with terpinen-4-ol being the most abundant agent (35.83%), followed by pyrrolidine (32.15%), aromadendrene (13.63%) and α-gurjunene (8.77%). MIC50 ranges for amoxicillin, terpinen-4-ol and pyrrolidine were 0.0003–0.06 μg/mL, 0.004–0.06 μg/mL and 0.005–6.3 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of terpinen-4-ol and pyrrolidine were similar to amoxicillin ( P > 0.05). Most of these compounds are being reported in this plant for the first time and may represent new sources of therapeutically useful compounds against H. pylori.
ISSN:0924-8579
1872-7913
DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.05.002