The Ty1-copia group of retrotransposons in plants: genomic organisation, evolution, and use as molecular markers

The genomic organisation and diversity of the Ty1-copia group retrotransposons has been investigated in several crop plants and their relatives from both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous families, including potato (Solanum tuberosum), faba beans (Vicia faba), Vicia melanops, Vicia sativa, barley...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genetica 1997-01, Vol.100 (1-3), p.205-217
Main Authors: Kumar, A. (Scottish Crop Research Inst., Invergowrie, Dundee (United Kingdom)), Pearce, S.R, McLean, K, Harrison, G, Heslop-Harrison, J.S, Waugh, R, Flavell, A.J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ALLIUM CEPA
Beans
Biodiversity
Chromosome Mapping
Chromosomes
copy number
Crops
Data processing
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Gene mapping
GENE TRANSPOSITION
Genes
Genetic Heterogeneity
GENETIC MARKERS
GENOMAS
GENOME
Genome, Plant
GENOMES
genomics
Heterochromatin
HORDEUM VULGARE
MARCADORES GENETICOS
MARQUEUR GENETIQUE
Metaphase
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE
Plants - genetics
Prophase
Retroelements - genetics
Retrotransposons
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
RNA-directed DNA polymerase
SECALE CEREALE
SECUENCIA NUCLEOTIDICA
SEQUENCE NUCLEOTIDIQUE
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM
TRANSCRIPCION INVERSA
TRANSCRIPTION INVERSE
TRANSPOSICION DE GENES
TRANSPOSITION DE GENES
Vicia
VICIA FABA
VICIA SATIVA
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Summary:The genomic organisation and diversity of the Ty1-copia group retrotransposons has been investigated in several crop plants and their relatives from both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous families, including potato (Solanum tuberosum), faba beans (Vicia faba), Vicia melanops, Vicia sativa, barley (Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), and onion (Allium cepa). Extreme heterogeneity in the sequence of the Ty1-copia retrotransposons from all these plants was revealed following sequence analysis of reverse transcriptase fragments. The estimated copy numbers of the Ty1-copia group retrotransposons for the genomes of S. tuberosum, L. esculentum, A. cepa, S. cereale, and V. faba is highly variable, ranging from a few hundred to approximately a million copies per genome. In situ hybridisation data from metaphase and prophase chromosomes of V. faba, S. cereale, and H. vulgare suggest that retrotransposon sequences are dispersed throughout the euchromatic regions of the genome but are almost undetectable in most heterochromatic regions. In contrast, similar data from metaphase chromosomes of A. cepa suggests that although retrotransposon sequences are dispersed throughout the euchromatic regions of the genome, they are predominantly concentrated in the terminal heterochromatin. These results are discussed in the context of the role played by the Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in the evolution of the plant genome. Lastly, the application of retrotransposon sequences as genetic markers for mapping genomes and for studying genetic biodiversity in plants is presented.
ISSN:0016-6707
1573-6857
DOI:10.1023/a:1018393931948