Development of a novel surface modification for improved bonding to zirconia

Abstract Objective This report presents a novel pretreatment technique, whereby the zirconia surface is converted to a more reactive zirconium oxyfluoride, enabling improved chemical bonding to other dental substrates via conventional silanation approaches. Methods The study leverages a novel gas-ph...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Dental materials 2011-05, Vol.27 (5), p.e99-e105
Main Authors: Piascik, Jeffrey R, Wolter, Scott D, Stoner, Brian R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesion
Adhesive bonding
Adhesiveness
Advanced Basic Science
Aluminum Oxide - chemistry
Analysis of variance
Bonding strength
Composite Resins - chemistry
Dental Bonding
Dental Cements - chemistry
Dental Etching - methods
Dental materials
Dental Materials - chemistry
Dental Polishing
Dental Stress Analysis - instrumentation
Dentin-Bonding Agents - chemistry
Dentistry
Fluorination
Fluorine - chemistry
Halogenation
Humans
Materials Testing
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Oxides - chemistry
Oxyfluorides
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Polished
Resin Cements
Shear
Shear bond strength
Shear Strength
Silanation
Silanes - chemistry
Silicon Dioxide - chemistry
Stress, Mechanical
Surface modification
Surface Properties
Temperature
Time Factors
Water - chemistry
Zirconia
Zirconium - chemistry
Zirconium dioxide
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Summary:Abstract Objective This report presents a novel pretreatment technique, whereby the zirconia surface is converted to a more reactive zirconium oxyfluoride, enabling improved chemical bonding to other dental substrates via conventional silanation approaches. Methods The study leverages a novel gas-phase fluorination process that creates a thin oxyfluoride conversion layer on the surface of zirconia, making it more reactive for conventional adhesive bonding techniques. Zirconia specimens, polished and roughened, were pretreated and composite cylinders bonded using conventional adhesive techniques. All specimens were subjected to a force at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in an electro-mechanical testing device. Single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% confidence level was performed for the bonding strength data. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate and quantify failure surfaces. Results Shear bond strengths were analyzed using single-factor ANOVA ( p < 0.05). Mechanical testing results revealed that fluorinated zirconia specimens (both rough and polished) displayed the highest shear bond strengths as compared to other commercially available treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis helped determine that this novel pretreatment created a more reactive, 2–4 nm thick oxyfluoride conversion layer with approximate stoichiometry, ZrO3 F4. Conclusion Simple shear bond mechanical tests demonstrated that a fluorination pre-treatment is a viable method to chemically modify zirconia to produce a reactive surface for adhesive bonding.
ISSN:0109-5641
1879-0097
DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2011.01.005