Evaluation of the innate and adaptive immunity in type I and type II focal cortical dysplasias

Summary Purpose:  Induction of inflammatory pathways has been reported in epileptic patients with focal malformations of cortical development. In the present study we examined the innate and adaptive immune responses in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with different histopathologic and pathogenetic f...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Epilepsia (Copenhagen) 2010-09, Vol.51 (9), p.1763-1773
Main Authors: Iyer, Anand, Zurolo, Emanuele, Spliet, Wim G.M., Van Rijen, Peter C., Baayen, Johannes C., Gorter, Jan A., Aronica, Eleonora
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity - immunology
Adaptive Immunity - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
CD3 antigen
CD8 antigen
Cell activation
Cerebral Cortex - immunology
Cerebral Cortex - pathology
Chemokine CCL2 - genetics
Chemokine CCL2 - immunology
Chemokines
Complement
Complement activation
Complement Activation - genetics
Complement Activation - immunology
Cortex
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Dendritic Cells - pathology
Dysplasia
Epilepsy
Epilepsy - genetics
Epilepsy - immunology
Epilepsy - pathology
Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
Humans
Immune response
Immunity
Immunity, Innate - genetics
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunity, Innate - physiology
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
Inflammation - genetics
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Interleukin 1
Interleukin-1 - genetics
Interleukin-1 - immunology
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Malformations of Cortical Development - genetics
Malformations of Cortical Development - immunology
Malformations of Cortical Development - pathology
Malformations of the nervous system
MCP1
Medical sciences
Microglia
Microglia - immunology
Microglia - pathology
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Neurons - immunology
Neurons - pathology
Neurons - physiology
Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate - genetics
Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate - immunology
TOR protein
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Summary Purpose:  Induction of inflammatory pathways has been reported in epileptic patients with focal malformations of cortical development. In the present study we examined the innate and adaptive immune responses in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with different histopathologic and pathogenetic features. Methods:  The inflammatory cell components and the induction of major proinflammatory pathways and molecules [complement pathway, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP1)] was investigated in surgical specimens of sporadic type IA and type IIB FCD using immunocytochemical methods. Results:  FCD II but not FCD I cases exhibit activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade with strong neuronal expression of the phosphorylated isoform of S6 protein. Microglia reactivity was increased in all lesions (FCD I and II) compared to control tissue; however, the number of HLA‐DR–positive cells was significantly higher in FCD II than in FCD I. In FCD II specimens we also observed perivascular and parenchymal T lymphocytes (CD3+), with a predominance of CD8+ T‐cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes, as well as a few dendritic cells. Expression of components of the complement cascade, IL‐1β, and MCP1 was prominent in FCD II cases. Discussion:  Our findings indicate a prominent activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, with involvement of different inflammatory pathways in FCD II cases, supporting the possible involvement of inflammation in the epileptogenesis of these lesions, as well as the notion that FCD II is pathologically distinct from FCD I.
ISSN:0013-9580
1528-1167
DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02547.x