The Effect of Naltrexone on Alcohol's Stimulant Properties and Self-Administration Behavior in Social Drinkers: Influence of Gender and Genotype

Background:  Few pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence are available. Moreover, the best supported treatment, naltrexone hydrochloride, appears to work for only some. Methods:  To investigate potential predictors of these differential responses, 40 social drinkers (20 women) were adminis...

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Published in:Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research clinical and experimental research, 2011-06, Vol.35 (6), p.1134-1141
Main Authors: Setiawan, Elaine, Pihl, Robert O., Cox, Sylvia M. L., Gianoulakis, Christina, Palmour, Roberta M., Benkelfat, Chawki, Leyton, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addiction
Addictive behaviors
Adolescent
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Alcohol Dependence
Alcohol Drinking - drug therapy
Alcohol Drinking - genetics
Alcohol Drinking - psychology
Alcohol use
Alcoholism
Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning
Biological and medical sciences
Cross-Over Studies
Double-Blind Method
Drug addictions
Female
Genes
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Humans
Individual Differences
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Naltrexone - pharmacology
Naltrexone - therapeutic use
Opioids
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Receptors, Opioid, mu - genetics
Receptors, Opioid, mu - metabolism
Self Administration
Sex Characteristics
Toxicology
Young Adult
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Summary:Background:  Few pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence are available. Moreover, the best supported treatment, naltrexone hydrochloride, appears to work for only some. Methods:  To investigate potential predictors of these differential responses, 40 social drinkers (20 women) were administered 6 days of treatment with naltrexone vs. placebo in a double‐blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. At the end of each treatment period, participants received a single dose of their preferred alcoholic beverage followed by the opportunity to work for additional alcohol units using a progressive ratio (PR) breakpoint paradigm. All subjects but one were genotyped for the A118G polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). Results:  Naltrexone decreased the ethanol‐induced ‘euphoria’ to a priming dose of alcohol in two subgroups: (i) in women, and (ii) in subjects with the A118G polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). Naltrexone did not decrease motivation to work for additional alcoholic beverages on the PR task regardless of gender or genotype. Conclusions:  The results add to the evidence that naltrexone decreases positive subjective effects of alcohol, with preferential effects in distinct subgroups. Similar effects in heavier drinkers might decrease alcohol use.
ISSN:0145-6008
1530-0277
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01446.x