Determinants of severe oral mucositis in paediatric cancer patients: a prospective study

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 210–216 Objective.  To analyse the incidence and the determinants of severe oral mucositis (OM) in young cancer patients treated by standard chemotherapy. Methods.  The study was carried out at the Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology unit of Children’s H...

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Published in:International journal of paediatric dentistry 2011-05, Vol.21 (3), p.210-216
Main Authors: OTMANI, NAÏMA, ALAMI, RAOUF, HESSISSEN, LAÏLA, MOKHTARI, ABDELRHANI, SOULAYMANI, ABDELMAJID, KHATTAB, MOHAMMED
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Dentistry
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Mucositis - chemically induced
Mucositis - etiology
Neoplasms - complications
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - pathology
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Severity of Illness Index
Stomatitis - chemically induced
Stomatitis - etiology
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Summary:International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 21: 210–216 Objective.  To analyse the incidence and the determinants of severe oral mucositis (OM) in young cancer patients treated by standard chemotherapy. Methods.  The study was carried out at the Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology unit of Children’s Hospital of Rabat. Patients under 16 years of age with malignant disease treated by chemotherapy between January 2001 and December 2006 were recorded. Results.  Consecutive patients (n = 970) with malignant disease were studied. The age ranges from 2 months to 16 years (mean, 6.8 ± 4.1 years). OM occurred in 540 (55.6%) patients, and 17.9% of them encountered severe grades. Mean time to onset of the lesions was 10.5 ± 6.8 (range, 1–22 days) and mean duration was 6.8 ± 3.1 (range, 2–23 days). All chemotherapeutic protocols were associated with OM development (range, 20–100%). Patients with severe OM were more likely to have undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (RR = 2.6, 95% IC 1.1–6.1), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–2.4) and acute leukaemia (RR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–3.6). Methotrexate‐based therapies were also associated with the worsening of OM (RR = 1.7, 95% IC 1.2–2.6). Conclusion.  Underlying disease and chemotherapy regimens are the principal risk factors of OM development. This model can help in the identification of patients at risk for adequate preventive and therapeutic measures.
ISSN:0960-7439
1365-263X
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01113.x