Neuropsychological Consequences of Boxing and Recommendations to Improve Safety: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper

Boxing has held appeal for many athletes and audiences for centuries, and injuries have been part of boxing since its inception. Although permanent and irreversible neurologic dysfunction does not occur in the majority of participants, an association has been reported between the number of bouts fou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of clinical neuropsychology 2009-02, Vol.24 (1), p.11-19
Main Authors: Heilbronner, Robert L., Bush, Shane S., Ravdin, Lisa D., Barth, Jeffrey T., Iverson, Grant L., Ruff, Ronald M., Lovell, Mark R., Barr, William B., Echemendia, Ruben J., Broshek, Donna K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Applied psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Boxing
Boxing - ethics
Boxing - injuries
Boxing - standards
Brain damage
Brain Injury, Chronic - diagnosis
Brain Injury, Chronic - prevention & control
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Medical sciences
Neuropsychological evaluation
Neuropsychological Tests
Neuropsychology - education
Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology
Post-Concussion Syndrome - diagnosis
Post-Concussion Syndrome - prevention & control
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Risk
Safety
Sports. Leisure
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Summary:Boxing has held appeal for many athletes and audiences for centuries, and injuries have been part of boxing since its inception. Although permanent and irreversible neurologic dysfunction does not occur in the majority of participants, an association has been reported between the number of bouts fought and the development of neurologic, psychiatric, or histopathological signs and symptoms of encephalopathy in boxers. The purpose of this paper is to (i) provide clinical neuropsychologists, other health-care professionals, and the general public with information about the potential neuropsychological consequences of boxing, and (ii) provide recommendations to improve safety standards for those who participate in the sport.
ISSN:0887-6177
1873-5843
DOI:10.1093/arclin/acp005