Changes in Extreme Climate Indices for the Northeastern United States, 1870–2005

The northeastern United States is one of the most variable climates in the world, and how climate extremes are changing is critical to populations, industries, and the environment in this region. A long-term (1870–2005) temperature and precipitation dataset was compiled for the northeastern United S...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of climate 2010-12, Vol.23 (24), p.6555-6572
Main Authors:	Brown, Paula J., Bradley, Raymond S., Keimig, Frank T.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Atmospheric forcing Climate Climate change Climate change adaptation Climatic extremes Climatic indexes Climatology Cold Computer centers Daily temperatures Datasets Digitization Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Frost Global climate models Growing season Growing seasons Hydrologic data Inhomogeneity Marine Maximum temperatures Meteorology North Atlantic Oscillation Ocean-atmosphere system Pacific Decadal Oscillation Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern Precipitation Precipitation data Quality control Regression analysis Seasons Skewness Studies Teleconnection patterns Temperature Temperature distribution Temperature index Trends Weather
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Summary:	The northeastern United States is one of the most variable climates in the world, and how climate extremes are changing is critical to populations, industries, and the environment in this region. A long-term (1870–2005) temperature and precipitation dataset was compiled for the northeastern United States to assess how the climate has changed. Adjustments were made to daily temperatures to account for changes in mean, variance, and skewness resulting from inhomogeneities, but precipitation data were not adjusted. Trends in 17 temperature and 10 precipitation indices at 40 stations were evaluated over three time periods—1893–2005, 1893–1950, and 1951–2005—and over 1870–2005 for a subset of longer-term stations. Temperature indices indicate strong warming with increases in the frequency of warm events (e.g., warm nights and warm summer days) and decreases in the frequency of cold events (e.g., ice days, frost days, and the cold spell duration indicator). The strongest warming is exhibited in the decrease in frost days and the increase in growing season length. Although maximum temperatures indices showed strong warming trends over the period 1893–1950, subsequent trends show little change and cooling. Few significant trends were present in the precipitation indices; however, they displayed a tendency toward wetter conditions. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that some of the variability in the 27 indices from 1951 to 2002 was explained by the North Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation, and Pacific–North American pattern. However, teleconnection patterns showed little influence on the 27 indices over a 103-yr period.
ISSN:	0894-8755 1520-0442