Study of Orthophosphate, Pyrophosphate, and Pyrophosphatase in Saliva With Reference to Calculus Formation and Inhibition

Background: A large amount of calculus may hamper the efficacy of daily oral hygiene and thereby accelerate plaque formation. Salivary concentrations of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate are important in preventing calculus formation. Activity of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and pyrophosphatase was...

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Published in:Journal of periodontology (1970) 2011-03, Vol.82 (3), p.445-451
Main Authors: Pradeep, A.R., Agarwal, Esha, Arjun Raju, P., Rao, M.S. Narayana, Faizuddin, Mohamed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Calculi
Dental Calculus - etiology
Dental Calculus - metabolism
Dental Calculus - prevention & control
dental plaque
Dental Plaque - metabolism
Dentistry
Diphosphates - analysis
Diphosphates - metabolism
Facial bones, jaws, teeth, parodontium: diseases, semeiology
Female
Humans
inorganic pyrophosphate
Male
Medical sciences
Non tumoral diseases
Oral Hygiene Index
Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology
phosphate
Phosphates - analysis
Phosphates - metabolism
Pyrophosphatases - analysis
Pyrophosphatases - metabolism
saliva
Saliva - chemistry
statistics
Young Adult
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Summary:Background: A large amount of calculus may hamper the efficacy of daily oral hygiene and thereby accelerate plaque formation. Salivary concentrations of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate are important in preventing calculus formation. Activity of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and pyrophosphatase was studied in whole saliva in calculus‐forming groups and plaque‐forming groups. Methods: The material for this study consists of 60 healthy individuals (age range: 15 to 30 years; mean age: 22 years). Depending on calculus index score, individuals were divided into four groups, each of 15 patients: Group 1, calculus index score 0 to 0.6; Group 2, calculus index score 0.7 to 1.8; Group 3, calculus index score 1.9 to 3; and Group 4, plaque group where index varied from 0 to 3. The saliva was collected and biochemically analyzed for concentration of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and pyrophosphatase. Results: The mean values of orthophosphate in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.2559, 1.3639, 1.7311, and 0.1868 mM, respectively. The mean values of pyrophosphate in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.3258, 0.1091, 0.0314, and 0.3860 mM, respectively. The mean values of pyrophosphatase in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 10.7937, 15.4249, 27.2900, and 7.5427 units/ml, respectively. Conclusions: A holistic approach toward the control of periodontal disease should include antiplaque and anticalculus agents. The results are conclusive that the components orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and pyrophosphatase present in saliva have a very significant role to play in formation and inhibition of calculus. This study reinforces the idea of using pyrophosphate and newer bisphosphonates as potential anticalculus agents.
ISSN:0022-3492
1943-3670
DOI:10.1902/jop.2010.100355