Development, Anatomy, Histology, Lymphatic Drainage, Clinical Features, and Cell Differentiation Markers of Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms

Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary Pathology 2011-01, Vol.48 (1), p.85-97
Main Authors: Sorenmo, K. U., Rasotto, R., Zappulli, V., Goldschmidt, M. H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Dog Diseases - pathology
Dogs
Female
Lymphatic System
Mammary Glands, Animal - anatomy & histology
Mammary Glands, Animal - physiology
Mammary Neoplasms, Animal - pathology
Prognosis
Risk Factors
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Summary:Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed.
ISSN:0300-9858
1544-2217
DOI:10.1177/0300985810389480