Evidence for a Complex Regulating the in Vivo Activities of Early Enzymes Induced by Bacteriophage T4

An in vivo assay of enzyme activity has been employed to investigate the mechanism of control of enzymes synthesizing deoxyribonucleotides after bacteriophage T4 infection. The assay is based on the release of tritium from 5-labeled pyrimidine nucleotide substrates into water. At least two phage-ind...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of biological chemistry 1974-12, Vol.249 (23), p.7613-7622
Main Authors: Tomich, P K, Chiu, C S, Wovcha, M G, Greenberg, G R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Coliphages - enzymology
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases - metabolism
DNA Viruses - metabolism
DNA, Bacterial - biosynthesis
DNA, Viral - biosynthesis
Escherichia coli - enzymology
Genes
Kinetics
Macromolecular Substances
Methyltransferases - metabolism
Mutation
Phenotype
Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase - metabolism
RNA, Bacterial - biosynthesis
Thymidylate Synthase - metabolism
Time Factors
Transcription, Genetic
Transferases - metabolism
Tritium
Uridine - metabolism
Virus Replication
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Summary:An in vivo assay of enzyme activity has been employed to investigate the mechanism of control of enzymes synthesizing deoxyribonucleotides after bacteriophage T4 infection. The assay is based on the release of tritium from 5-labeled pyrimidine nucleotide substrates into water. At least two phage-induced early enzymes, deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase and thymidylate synthetase, which are synthesized within a few minutes after infection as measured in extracts, do not function in vivo immediately after their formation. Instead, in vivo these enzyme activities initiate about 5 min after infection at 30°. The activities initially increase exponentially, and then become linear. This exponential activation process does not require concomitant protein synthesis. A number of experiments rule against substrate limitation, feedback, or isotope dilution as an explanation of these kinetic data. Thus, the same kinetic behavior in vivo is observed on infection by mutants which are unable to synthesize T4 DNA (DO) and accumulate deoxyribonucleotides. However, amber mutants of gene 43, the structural gene for T4-induced DNA polymerase, are exceptions. Infection by these mutants clearly showed a reduced initial rate of 3 H release. Concurrent measurement of DNA synthesis and of in vivo enzyme activity indicates that these two processes follow the same kinetics and coincide in time. These results suggest that the limiting factor in DNA replication is the rate of formation of the deoxyribonucleotide substrates. From these and previous studies we have postulated that dCMP hydroxymethylase and thymidylate synthetase and apparently other enzymes forming deoxyribonucleotides must, to be active in vivo , become part of a complex. We propose that the exponential activation process represents the formation of this complex from its components.
ISSN:0021-9258
1083-351X
DOI:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81282-6