Ablation Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias

Ablation has become an important and, in some cases, the first-line therapy for a number of tachyarrhythmias. The feasibility of treating arrhythmias with ablation was initially demonstrated with surgical ablation techniques. Recently, catheter ablation techniques have replaced the surgical approach...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of cardiology 1997-10, Vol.80 (8), p.56G-66G
Main Authors: Stevenson, William G, Ellison, Kristin E, Lefroy, David C, Friedman, Peter L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arrhythmias, Cardiac - surgery
Atrial Fibrillation - surgery
Atrial Flutter - surgery
Catheter Ablation - trends
Forecasting
Humans
Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry - surgery
Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial - surgery
Tachycardia, Ventricular - surgery
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome - surgery
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Summary:Ablation has become an important and, in some cases, the first-line therapy for a number of tachyarrhythmias. The feasibility of treating arrhythmias with ablation was initially demonstrated with surgical ablation techniques. Recently, catheter ablation techniques have replaced the surgical approach in nearly all cases. Catheter ablation is highly effective for the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry, and atrial ectopic tachycardia. It is effective for atrial flutter, although approximately one quarter of patients treated with catheter ablation continue to require therapy for concomitant atrial fibrillation. The surgical maze procedure has proved to be feasible for preventing atrial fibrillation. The risks and long-term efficacy of catheter ablation maze procedures for atrial fibrillation need to be defined. The efficacy of ablation for ventricular tachycardia varies with the type of tachycardia. Catheter ablation is very effective for the rare idiopathic ventricular tachycardias that occur in structurally normal hearts and for bundle-branch reentry ventricular tachycardia, which occurs most frequently in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. When performed at an experienced center, surgical ablation is an excellent option for selected patients with ventricular tachycardia due to prior myocardial infarction who have a discrete aneurysm but otherwise well-preserved ventricular function. Catheter ablation shows promise for this arrhythmia, but it can be offered only to those patients who have relatively slow tachycardias that allow catheter mapping. Substantial advances in mapping and ablation technology will continue to occur, allowing nonpharmacologic control of cardiac arrhythmias to be achieved in an ever greater number of patients.
ISSN:0002-9149
1879-1913
DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00714-5