Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation

Chemokines are small secreted proteins that stimulate the directional migration of leukocytes and mediate inflammation. During screening of a murine choroid plexus complementary DNA library, we identified a new chemokine, designated neurotactin. Unlike other chemokines, neurotactin has a unique cyst...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature (London) 1997-06, Vol.387 (6633), p.611-617
Main Authors: Pan, Yang, Lloyd, Clare, Zhou, Hong, Dolich, Sylvia, Deeds, Jim, Gonzalo, Jose-Angel, Vath, Jim, Gosselin, Mike, Ma, Jingya, Dussault, Barry, Woolf, Elizabeth, Alperin, Geoff, Culpepper, Janice, Gutierrez-Ramos, Jose Carlos, Gearing, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - immunology
Brain - metabolism
Cell Line
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Chemokines - biosynthesis
Chemokines - genetics
Chemokines - physiology
Chemotaxis
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Cysteine - analysis
Drosophila Proteins
Encephalitis - metabolism
Escherichia coli
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Inflammation
Lipopolysaccharides
Membrane Glycoproteins - biosynthesis
Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics
Membrane Glycoproteins - physiology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Molecular and cellular biology
Neurology
Recombinant Proteins
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Studies
Up-Regulation
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Summary:Chemokines are small secreted proteins that stimulate the directional migration of leukocytes and mediate inflammation. During screening of a murine choroid plexus complementary DNA library, we identified a new chemokine, designated neurotactin. Unlike other chemokines, neurotactin has a unique cysteine pattern, Cys-X-X-X-Cys, and is predicted to be a type 1 membrane protein. Full-length recombinant neurotactin is localized on the surface of transfected 293 cells. Recombinant neurotactin containing the chemokine domain is chemotactic for neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo. Neurotactin messenger RNA is predominantly expressed in normal murine brain and its protein expression in activated brain microglia is upregulated in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, as well as in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide. Distinct from all other chemokine genes, the neurotactin gene is localized to human chromosome 16q. Consequently we propose that neurotactin represents a new δ-chemokine family and that it may play a role in brain inflammation processes.
ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/42491