Persistent infection of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses: rate of fixation of mutations, antigenic change and interspecies transmission

1 Onderstepoort Institute for Exotic Diseases, Private Bag X6, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 2 Directorate of Animal Health, PO Box 12, Skukuza 1350, South Africa Transmission of a plaque-purified SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) occurred erratically from artificially infected African bu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of general virology 1996-07, Vol.77 (7), p.1457-1467
Main Authors: Vosloo, W, Bastos, A. D, Kirkbride, E, Esterhuysen, J. J, van Rensburg, D. Janse, Bengis, R. G, Keet, D. W, Thomson, G. R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Antigenic Variation
Antigens, Viral - analysis
Aphthovirus - genetics
Aphthovirus - isolation & purification
Aphthovirus - physiology
Base Sequence
Buffaloes
Cattle
Cell Line
DNA, Viral - analysis
Foot-and-Mouth Disease - pathology
Foot-and-Mouth Disease - transmission
Foot-and-Mouth Disease - virology
foot-and-mouth disease virus
Genome, Viral
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation
Syncerus caffer
Virus Latency
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Summary:1 Onderstepoort Institute for Exotic Diseases, Private Bag X6, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 2 Directorate of Animal Health, PO Box 12, Skukuza 1350, South Africa Transmission of a plaque-purified SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) occurred erratically from artificially infected African buffaloes in captivity to susceptible buffaloes and cattle in the same enclosure; in some instances transmission occurred only after contact between persistently infected carriers and susceptible animals lasting a number of months. Because the rate at which FMDV mutations accumulated in persistently infected buffaloes was approximately linear (1.64% nucleotide substitutions per year over the region of the 1D gene sequenced), both buffaloes and cattle that became infected some months after the start of the experiment were infected with viruses that differed from the original clone. The nucleotide differences were reflected in significant antigenic change. A SAT-1 FMDV from a separate experiment inadvertently infected some of the buffalo in the SAT-2 experiment. The SAT-1 FMDV also accumulated mutations at a constant rate in individual buffaloes (1.54% nucleotide changes per year) but the resultant antigenic variation was less than for SAT-2. It is concluded that persistently infected buffaloes in the wild constantly generate variants of SAT-1 and SAT-2 which explains the wide range of genomic and antigenic variants which occur in SAT-1 and SAT-2 viruses in southern Africa. Present address: Medical Microbiology, U.C.T. Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa. Received 16 August 1995; accepted 2 February 1996.
ISSN:0022-1317
1465-2099
DOI:10.1099/0022-1317-77-7-1457