Factors involved in capillary growth in the heart

Growth of capillaries in the heart occurs under physiological circumstances during endurance exercise training, exposure to high altitude and/or cold, and changes in cardiac metabolism or heart rate elicited by modification of thyroid hormone levels. Capillary growth in all these conditions can be l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular and cellular biochemistry 1995-06, Vol.147 (1-2), p.57-68
Main Authors: Hudlická, O, Brown, M D, Walter, H, Weiss, J B, Bate, A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents - pharmacology
Animals
Antihypertensive Agents - pharmacology
Bradycardia - physiopathology
Capillaries - drug effects
Capillaries - growth & development
Cardiotonic Agents - pharmacology
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Vessels - growth & development
Dobutamine - pharmacology
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - genetics
Heart Rate
Male
Neovascularization, Physiologic
Prazosin - pharmacology
Rabbits
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Stress, Mechanical
Swine
Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics
Vasodilation
Ventricular Function, Left - drug effects
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Summary:Growth of capillaries in the heart occurs under physiological circumstances during endurance exercise training, exposure to high altitude and/or cold, and changes in cardiac metabolism or heart rate elicited by modification of thyroid hormone levels. Capillary growth in all these conditions can be linked with increased coronary blood flow, decreased heart rate, or both. This paper brings evidence that, although increased blood flow due to long-term administration of coronary vasodilators results in capillary growth, a long-term decrease in heart rate induced by electrical bradycardial pacing in rabbits and pigs, or by chronic administration of a bradycardic drug, alinidine, in rats, stimulates capillary growth with little or no change in coronary blood flow. Decreased heart rate results in increased capillary wall tension, increased end-diastolic volume and increased force of contraction, and thus stretch of the capillary wall. This could lead to release of various growth factors possibly stored in the capillary basement membrane. Correlation was found between capillary density (CD) and the levels of low molecular endothelial cell stimulating angiogenic factor (ESAF) both in rabbit and pig hearts with CD increased by pacing. There was no relation between expression of mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor and CD in sham-operated and paced rabbit hearts. In contrast, mRNA for TGF beta was increased in paced hearts, and the possible role of this factor in the regulation of capillary growth induced by bradycardia is discussed.
ISSN:0300-8177
1573-4919
DOI:10.1007/BF00944784