Toxicity Testing of Leachate from Waste Landfills Using Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) for Monitoring Environmental Safety

To investigate the environmental safety of waste disposal landfill sites and of land reclaimed from such sites, we evaluated the toxicity of leachate from these sites by a combination of bioassays in the Japanese killifish medaka Oryzias latipes. We tested for lethal toxicity in adult and larval med...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental monitoring and assessment 2006-06, Vol.117 (1-3), p.73-84
Main Authors:	Osaki, Kae, Kashiwada, Shosaku, Tatarazako, Norihisa, Ono, Yoshiro
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adults Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Applied sciences Assessments Biological and medical sciences Continental surface waters Dilution Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space ecotoxicology Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Embryos Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring - methods Exact sciences and technology Exposure Fresh water environment Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology hazardous waste Landfill Landfills leachate Leachates lethal toxicity medaka Monitoring Natural water pollution Oryzias Oryzias latipes Other wastewaters Pollution Pollution, environment geology Refuse Disposal Safety Toxicity waste disposal landfill site Wastewaters Water Pollutants - toxicity Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:	To investigate the environmental safety of waste disposal landfill sites and of land reclaimed from such sites, we evaluated the toxicity of leachate from these sites by a combination of bioassays in the Japanese killifish medaka Oryzias latipes. We tested for lethal toxicity in adult and larval medaka and for hatching inhibition of embryos from eggs. As biochemical evidence of the effects of leachate exposure, CYP1A (EROD activity) and vitellogenin (Vtg) were induced. We also bioassayed water-treated leachate and downstream river water. Leachate solution was lethal to larval and adult medaka. Embryo hatchability was inhibited, and abnormal hatching, spinal deformity and anisophthalmia occurred in embryos exposed to leachate solution. CYP1A was induced by exposure to leachate solution diluted to 1.0%, and EROD activity was significantly higher than in control. Vtg and unknown proteins were induced in the sera of male medaka exposed to the diluted leachate solution. Conventional water treatments worked effectively to remove toxic compounds but did not work well to remove element ions, including heavy metals. Treated leachate produced neither lethal toxicity nor hatching abnormalities during the exposure period. Fish toxicity tests for leachate would be useful for monitoring the environmental safety of landfill sites.
ISSN:	0167-6369 1573-2959