Leishmanicidal activity of benzophenones and extracts from Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. fruits

Infections by protozoans of the genus Leishmania are the major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The drugs of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis are the pentavalent antimonials, which exert renal and cardiac toxicity. Thus, there is a strong need for safe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Phytomedicine (Stuttgart) 2010-04, Vol.17 (5), p.339-345
Main Authors: Pereira, I.O., Marques, M.J., Pavan, A.L.R., Codonho, B.S., Barbiéri, C.L., Beijo, L.A., Doriguetto, A.C., D’Martin, E.C., dos Santos, M.H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amastigotes
Animals
Antiparasitic Agents - isolation & purification
Antiparasitic Agents - pharmacology
Antiparasitic Agents - therapeutic use
Benzophenone
Benzophenones
Benzophenones - isolation & purification
Benzophenones - pharmacology
Benzophenones - therapeutic use
Fruit
Garcinia
Garcinia - chemistry
Garcinia brasiliensis
Health aspects
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Leishmania
Leishmania - drug effects
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis - drug therapy
Leishmaniasis - parasitology
Leishmanicidal
Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects
Macrophages, Peritoneal - parasitology
Materia medica, Vegetable
Mice
Phytotherapy
Plant extracts
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plant Extracts - therapeutic use
Prevention
Structure-Activity Relationship
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Summary:Infections by protozoans of the genus Leishmania are the major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The drugs of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis are the pentavalent antimonials, which exert renal and cardiac toxicity. Thus, there is a strong need for safer and more effective treatments against leishmaniasis. The present study was designated to evaluate, by a bioguided assay, the leishmanicidal activity of extracts (hexane, ethyl-acetate and ethanolic) and molecules both obtained by means of extraction from pericarps of Garcinia brasiliensis fruits. The hexane extract presented the best activity on the extracellular (promastigotes) and intracellular (amastigotes) forms of Leishmania ( L.) amazonensis, when compared to the other extracts. Based on these findings, this extract was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography, affording nine fractions then resulting in three purified prenylated benzophenones – 7-epi-clusianone (1), garciniaphenone (2) and guttiferone-a (3). They showed significant activity on Leishmania ( L.) amazonensis, and little toxicity for mammalian cells. Structure-activity relationships were evaluated showing that the IC 50 value displayed is dependent of prenyl groups and phenolic hydroxyls number, and inversely proportional to the hydrophobicity. Our results are promising, showing that these compounds are biologically active on Leishmania ( L.) amazonensis.
ISSN:0944-7113
1618-095X
DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.020