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Ability of salt marsh plants for TBT remediation in sediments
Introduction The capability of Halimione portulacoides , Spartina maritima , and Sarcocornia fruticosa (halophytes very commonly found in salt marshes from Mediterranean areas) for enhancing remediation of tributyltin (TBT) from estuarine sediments was investigated, using different experimental cond...
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| Published in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2010-07, Vol.17 (6), p.1279-1286 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Introduction
The capability of
Halimione portulacoides
,
Spartina maritima
,
and Sarcocornia fruticosa
(halophytes very commonly found in salt marshes from Mediterranean areas) for enhancing remediation of tributyltin (TBT) from estuarine sediments was investigated, using different experimental conditions.
Methods
The influence of
H. portulacoides
on degradation of the butyltin compounds was assessed in two different ways: (1) a 9-month ex situ study carried out in a site of
Sado
River estuary, center of Portugal, which used polluted sediments collected at other nonvegetated site from the same estuary; and (2) a 12-month laboratorial study, using both plant and sediment collected at a relatively clean site of
Cávado
River estuary, north of Portugal, the sediment being doped with TBT, DBT, and MBT at the beginning of the experiment. The role of both
S. fruticosa
and
S. maritima
on TBT remediation in sediments was evaluated in situ, in salt marshes from
Marim
channel of
Ria Formosa
lagoon, south of Portugal, which has large areas colonized by each one of these two plants. For estimation of microbial abundance, total cell counts of sediment samples were enumerated by the DAPI direct count method. Butyltin analyses in sediment were performed using a method previously validated, which consisted of headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after in situ ethylation (with tetraethylborate).
Results
Sediments colonized both ex situ and at lab by
H. portulacoides
displayed TBT levels about 30% lower than those for nonvegetated sediments with identical initial composition, after 9–12 months of plant exposure. In addition,
H. portulacoides
showed to be able of stimulating bacterial growth in the plant rhizosphere, which probably included degraders of TBT. In the in situ study, which compared the levels of TBT, DBT, and MBT in nonvegetated sediment and in sediments colonized by either
S. maritima or S. fruticosa
from the same area, TBT and DBT were only detected in nonvegetated sediment, whereas MBT was quantified in most samples.
Discussion
This work demonstrated that
H. portulacoides
has potentiality to be used for enhancing TBT remediation in sediments from salted areas. The results observed in situ for
S. maritima
or
S. fruticosa
suggested that these two salt marsh plants also favored TBT remediation.
Conclusion
Therefore, the application of halophytes in technologies for TBT remediation in sediments seems to be effic |
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| ISSN: | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-010-0307-1 |