Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Height Changes

Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Height Changes

Observations indicate that the height of the tropopause-the boundary between the stratosphere and troposphere-has increased by several hundred meters since 1979. Comparable increases are evident in climate model experiments. The latter show that human-induced changes in ozone and well-mixed greenhou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2003-07, Vol.301 (5632), p.479-483
Main Authors: Santer, B. D., Wehner, M. F., Wigley, T. M. L., Sausen, R., Meehl, G. A., Taylor, K. E., Ammann, C., Arblaster, J., Washington, W. M., Boyle, J. S., Brüggemann, W.
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
Atmosphere
Atmospherics
Climate change
Climate models
Cooling
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
General properties of the high atmosphere
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Ozone
Physics of the high neutral atmosphere
Radiative forcing
Stratosphere
Tropopause
Troposphere
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Summary:Observations indicate that the height of the tropopause-the boundary between the stratosphere and troposphere-has increased by several hundred meters since 1979. Comparable increases are evident in climate model experiments. The latter show that human-induced changes in ozone and well-mixed greenhouse gases account for ~80% of the simulated rise in tropopause height over 1979-1999. Their primary contributions are through cooling of the stratosphere (caused by ozone) and warming of the troposphere (caused by well-mixed greenhouse gases). A model-predicted fingerprint of tropopause height changes is statistically detectable in two different observational ("reanalysis") data sets. This positive detection result allows us to attribute overall tropopause height changes to a combination of anthropogenic and natural external forcings, with the anthropogenic component predominating.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203