Connections and Regulation of the Human Estrogen Receptor

Estrogen regulates a plethora of functionally dissimilar processes in a broad range of tissues. Recent progress in the study of the molecular mechanism of action of estrogen(s) has revealed why different cells can respond to the same hormone in a different manner. Three of these findings are of part...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2002-05, Vol.296 (5573), p.1642-1644
Main Authors: McDonnell, Donald P., Norris, John D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetyltransferases - metabolism
B lymphocytes
Cell adhesion
Conjugated estrogens
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Estrogen
Estrogen Receptor alpha
Estrogen Receptor beta
Estrogen receptors
Estrogens
Estrogens - metabolism
Feedback (Response)
Gene expression regulation
Genes
Genetic research
Genetics
Histone Acetyltransferases
Humans
Immunity
Ligands
Medical genetics
Models, Biological
Protein Binding
Proteins
Receptors
Receptors, Estrogen - chemistry
Receptors, Estrogen - genetics
Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Signal Transduction
Tissues
Trans-Activators - metabolism
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
Transcriptional Activation
Viewpoints and Connections Maps
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Summary:Estrogen regulates a plethora of functionally dissimilar processes in a broad range of tissues. Recent progress in the study of the molecular mechanism of action of estrogen(s) has revealed why different cells can respond to the same hormone in a different manner. Three of these findings are of particular importance: (i) There are two genetically and functionally distinct estrogen receptors that have distinct expression patterns in vivo; (ii) the positive and negative transcriptional activities of these receptors require them to engage transcription cofactors (coactivators or corepressors) in target cells; and (iii) not all cofactors are functionally equivalent, nor are they expressed in the same manner in all cells. Thus, although the estrogen receptor is required for a cell to respond to an estrogenic stimulus, the nature and extent of that response are determined by the proteins, pathways, and processes with which the receptor interacts.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1071884