Prostaglandin E2 increases bone strength in intact rats and in ovariectomized rats with established osteopenia

It is well documented that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has the ability to stimulate bone formation, improve bone structure, and increase bone mass in intact or osteopenic rat models. However, the effects of PGE2 on the mechanical properties of bone have not been investigated previously. The purpose of o...

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Published in:Bone (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 1998-09, Vol.23 (3), p.249-255
Main Authors: Ke, H.Z, Shen, V.W, Qi, H, Crawford, D.T, Wu, D.D, Liang, X.G, Chidsey-Frink, K.L, Pirie, C.M, Simmons, H.A, Thompson, D.D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Bone Density - drug effects
Bone Diseases, Metabolic - drug therapy
Bone Diseases, Metabolic - physiopathology
Bone strength
Dinoprostone - administration & dosage
Dinoprostone - pharmacology
Female
Femur Neck - drug effects
Femur Neck - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Injections, Subcutaneous
Lumbar Vertebrae - drug effects
Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology
Male
Osteopenia
Ovariectomy
Prostaglandin E2
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Skeleton and joints
Space life sciences
Tensile Strength
Vertebrates: osteoarticular system, musculoskeletal system
Weight-Bearing
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Summary:It is well documented that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has the ability to stimulate bone formation, improve bone structure, and increase bone mass in intact or osteopenic rat models. However, the effects of PGE2 on the mechanical properties of bone have not been investigated previously. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of PGE2 on the mechanical strength of bones in rapidly growing, adult, and ovariectomized rat models. In study I, PGE2 at 3 mg/kg per day, or vehicle, was given by daily subcutaneous injections for 30 days to rapidly growing (3-month-old) intact male rats. Compared with controls, PGE2 significantly increased initial maximal load and stiffness of cancellous bone at the distal femoral metaphysis (DFM) as determined by an indentation test. As determined by a compression test, rats treated with PGE2 showed a significant increase in maximal load, and a nonsignificant increase in stiffness in the fifth lumbar vertebral body (L5) when compared with controls. In study II, PGE2 at 3 mg/kg per day, or vehicle, was given by daily subcutaneous injection for 30 days to mature (10-month-old) intact male rats. PGE2 treatment significantly increased initial maximal load and stiffness of the DFM and L5. PGE2 induced a significant increase in maximal load, but not stiffness, in the femoral neck (FN), as determined by a cantilever compression test. There was an increase in maximal load in a three-point bending test at the femoral shaft (FS) although the increase did not achieve statistical significance. No change in stiffness in the FS was found after PGE2 treatment. In study III, 3-month-old female rats were sham-operated or ovariectomized (ovx) for 30 days. Thereafter, PGE2 at 1 or 3 mg/kg, or vehicle, were given by daily subcutaneous injection to these rats for 30 days. After 30 and 60 days, ovx induced a significant decrease in initial maximal load and stiffness of cancellous bone at the DFM as compared with sham controls. In ovx rats with established osteopenia, PGE2 at 1 mg/kg per day nonsignificantly increased the initial maximal load and stiffness, whereas, at 3 mg/kg per day, PGE2 completely restored the initial maximal load and stiffness of DFM to sham control levels. Similarly, maximal load and stiffness of L5 decreased significantly in ovx rats compared with sham controls at 30 days postsurgery. PGE2 at 1 mg/kg per day partially restored the maximal load, whereas, at 3 mg/kg per day, it completely restored the maximal load and stif
ISSN:8756-3282
1873-2763
DOI:10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00102-1