Minireview: From Anorexia to Obesity—The Yin and Yang of Body Weight Control

Over the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms that control food intake and body weight. Yet eating disorders and cachexia are still common, and obesity cases are rising at alarming rates. Thus, despite recent progress, an incre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Endocrinology (Philadelphia) 2003-09, Vol.144 (9), p.3749-3756
Main Authors: Zigman, Jeffrey M, Elmquist, Joel K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anorexia - physiopathology
Biological and medical sciences
Eating - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Ghrelin
Humans
Leptin - physiology
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Obesity
Obesity - physiopathology
Peptide Hormones - physiology
Vertebrates: endocrinology
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Summary:Over the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms that control food intake and body weight. Yet eating disorders and cachexia are still common, and obesity cases are rising at alarming rates. Thus, despite recent progress, an increased understanding of the molecular and neural substrates that control body weight homeostasis is a major public health goal. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which metabolic signals interact with key behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic regulatory regions of the central nervous system. Additionally, we offer a model in which hormones such as leptin and ghrelin interact with similar central nervous system circuits and engage them in such a way as to maintain an appropriate and tight regulation of body weight and food intake. Our model predicts that overstimulation or understimulation of these central pathways can result in obesity, anorexia, or cachexia.
ISSN:0013-7227
1945-7170
DOI:10.1210/en.2003-0241