Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni Population Structure Using Total Fecal Egg Sampling

Many parasite populations are difficult to sample because they are not uniformly distributed between several host species and are often not easily collected from the living host, thereby limiting sample size and possibly distorting the representation of the population. For the parasite Schistosoma m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of parasitology 2009-08, Vol.95 (4), p.881-889
Main Authors: Blank, Walter A, Reis, Eliana A. G, Thiong'o, Fred W, Braghiroli, Joao F, Santos, Jarbas M, Melo, Paulo R. S, Guimarães, Isabel C. S, Silva, Luciano K, Carmo, Theomira M. A, Reis, Mitermeyer G, Blanton, Ronald E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical research
Brazil
DNA
DNA, Helminth - chemistry
Eggs
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Feces - parasitology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Frequency
General aspects
General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models
Genetic loci
Genetic testing
Genetics-Evolution
Genotype
Human genetics
Humans
Infections
Invertebrates
Kenya
Laboratory animals
Male
Microsatellite Repeats - genetics
Microsatellites
Mollusks
Ovum
Parasite hosts
Parasites
Parasitology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Research centers
Sample size
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni - classification
Schistosoma mansoni - genetics
Schistosoma mansoni - isolation & purification
Schistosomiasis mansoni - parasitology
Sequence Analysis
Tropical diseases
Worms
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Summary:Many parasite populations are difficult to sample because they are not uniformly distributed between several host species and are often not easily collected from the living host, thereby limiting sample size and possibly distorting the representation of the population. For the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, we investigated the use of eggs, in aggregate, from the stools of infected individuals as a simple and representative sample. Previously, we demonstrated that microsatellite allele frequencies can be accurately estimated from pooled DNA of cloned S. mansoni adults. Here, we show that genotyping of parasite populations from reproductively isolated laboratory strains can be used to identify these specific populations based on characteristic patterns of allele frequencies, as observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and automated sequencer analysis of fluorescently labeled PCR products. Microsatellites used to genotype aggregates of eggs collected from stools of infected individuals produced results consistent with the geographic distribution of the samples. Preferential amplification of smaller alleles, and stutter PCR products, had negligible effect on measurement of genetic differentiation. Direct analysis of total stool eggs can be an important approach to questions of population genetics for this parasite by increasing the sample size to thousands per infected individual and by reducing bias.
ISSN:0022-3395
1937-2345
DOI:10.1645/GE-1895.1