Effect of the degree and duration of early dietary amino acid restrictions on subsequent and overall pig performance and physical and sensory characteristics of pork

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the degree and duration of early dietary AA restrictions on subsequent and overall pig performance and physical and sensory characteristics of pork. For the grower (G) and finisher-1 (F1) phases, 3 corn-soybean meal diets were formulated t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of animal science 2009-11, Vol.87 (11), p.3596-3606
Main Authors: Kamalakar, R.B, Chiba, L.I, Divakala, K.C, Rodning, S.P, Welles, E.G, Bergen, W.G, Kerth, C.R, Kuhlers, D.L, Nadarajah, N.K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amino acid composition
Amino Acids - physiology
Animal Feed
Animal productions
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
blood chemistry
Blood Proteins - analysis
body fat
carcass characteristics
Cholesterol - blood
compensatory growth
feed conversion
feed rations
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
lean body mass
liveweight gain
lysine
Male
marbling
Meat - standards
Meat and meat product industries
meat quality
nutrient deficiencies
nutritive value
physical properties
pork
sensory properties
Sus scrofa - blood
Sus scrofa - growth & development
Sus scrofa - metabolism
swine
swine feeding
Terrestrial animal productions
Vertebrates
Weight Gain - physiology
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Summary:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the degree and duration of early dietary AA restrictions on subsequent and overall pig performance and physical and sensory characteristics of pork. For the grower (G) and finisher-1 (F1) phases, 3 corn-soybean meal diets were formulated to contain 100, 80, or 60% of the 1998 NRC total Lys recommendations (100G, 80G, or 60G, and 100F1, 80F1, or 60F1, for the G and F1 phases, respectively). For the finisher-2 (F2) phase, a common corn-soybean meal diet was formulated to satisfy the 1998 NRC total Lys recommendation. Thirty gilts and 30 castrated males (2 gilts or 2 castrated males/pen) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (100G-100F1, 80G-100F1, 80G-80F1, 60G-100F1, and 60G-60F1) when BW was 22.7 ± 0.3 kg. Pigs were switched to F1 and F2 diets at 50.7 ± 0.4 and 79.9 ± 0.5 kg of BW, respectively. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water. All pigs were slaughtered at 110.7 ± 0.5 kg of BW, and LM samples were collected. Pigs fed the 60G diet had less (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) ADG during the G phase and greater (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) ultrasound backfat (UBF) at the end of the G phase than those fed the 100G diet. The ADG decreased linearly (R² = 0.70; P < 0.001) as the degree of AA restrictions became more severe. Although serum total protein (TP) and albumin concentrations in pigs fed the 60G-100F1 diets were less (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) than those fed the 100G-100F1 diets at the end of the G phase, TP concentration was similar between the 2 groups at the end of the F1 phase. Likewise, ADG during the F1 phase and UBF at the end of the F1 phase in pigs fed the 60G-100F1 diets were similar to those fed the 100G-100F1 diets. Feeding the 80G diet resulted in numerically decreased ADG during the G phase, but there was no difference in ADG during the F1 and F2 phases or UBF at the end of F1 and F2 phases between pigs fed the 80G and 100G diets. Overall, pigs fed the 80G-80F1 diets had similar ADG, but less (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) fat-free lean gain (LG) than those fed the 100G-100F1 diets. These pigs also had less (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) serum TP and albumin concentrations than pigs fed the 100G-100F1 diets throughout the study. Pigs fed the 60G-60F1 diets had less (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) overall ADG and G:F and less (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) LM area and LG than those fed the 100G-100F1 diets. However, they had a greater (P [less-tha
ISSN:0021-8812
1525-3163
DOI:10.2527/jas.2008-1609