Lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, and low serum retinol and carotenoid levels in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract Objective To assess serum retinol and levels of carotenoids in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to correlate low serum retinol and carotenoid levels with the presence of lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, lipid peroxidation, and insulin resistan...

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Published in:Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2010-06, Vol.26 (6), p.612-616
Main Authors: Beraldo Battistini, Tânia Regina, M.Sc, Saccardo Sarni, Roseli Oselka, M.D., Ph.D, Suano de Souza, Fabíola Isabel, M.D., M.Sc, Pitta, Tassiana Sacchi, M.D, Fernandes, Ana Paula, M.D, Hix, Sonia, Ph.D, Affonso Fonseca, Fernando Luiz, Ph.D, Tardini, Priscila Chemiotti, M.D, Pinho dos Santos, Valter, M.D., Ph.D, Lopez, Fábio Ancona, M.D., Ph.D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - blood
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - complications
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology
Adolescent
adolescent nutrition
adolescents
AIDS
Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretroviral therapy
beta Carotene - blood
beta Carotene - deficiency
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Glucose - metabolism
blood lipids
carotenoids
Case-Control Studies
Child
child nutrition
Child, Preschool
Children
Cholesterol
Cross-Sectional Studies
Drug therapy
Dyslipidemias - blood
Dyslipidemias - epidemiology
Dyslipidemias - etiology
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
HIV
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome - blood
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome - epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Lipid Metabolism
lipid metabolism disorders
Lipid Peroxidation
lipodystrophy
Male
Mortality
nutrition assessment
nutritional status
Oxidative Stress
Prevalence
Retinol
Studies
Teenagers
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Vitamin A
Vitamin A - blood
Vitamin A Deficiency - blood
Vitamin A Deficiency - complications
β-Carotene
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Summary:Abstract Objective To assess serum retinol and levels of carotenoids in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to correlate low serum retinol and carotenoid levels with the presence of lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, lipid peroxidation, and insulin resistance. Methods A cross-sectional, controlled observational study was carried out with 30 children and adolescents with AIDS (mean age 9.1 y) receiving antiretroviral therapy (median length of treatment 28.4 mo), including 30 uninfected healthy controls matched for age and gender. Clinical and laboratory assessments were performed to determine nutritional status, presence of lipodystrophy, serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, lycopene, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), glycemia, and serum insulin (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, cutoff point >3). Statistical analysis was done with chi-square test and Student's t test. Results Lipodystrophy was observed in 53.3% of patients with AIDS, and dyslipidemia was detected in 60% and 23% of subjects with human immunodeficiency virus and control subjects, respectively ( P = 0.004). A higher prevalence of retinol deficiency (60% versus 26.7%, P = 0.009) and β-carotene deficiency (23.3% versus 3.3%, P = 0.026) was found in the group with human immunodeficiency virus than in the control group. No correlation was found for low retinol and β-carotene levels, changes in lipid and glucose metabolism, or lipodystrophy in children and adolescents with AIDS. Conclusion Despite the high frequency of dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and retinol and β-carotene deficiencies, it was not possible to demonstrate a correlation of these findings with lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance. More studies are needed to investigate the causes of retinol and β-carotene deficiencies in this population and the clinical consequences of these findings.
ISSN:0899-9007
1873-1244
DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.024