Modification of the Penn State Forage and Total Mixed Ration Particle Separator and the Effects of Moisture Content on its Measurements

The Penn State Particle Separator has led to widespread measurement of forage and total mixed ration (TMR) particle size. However, a large proportion of small particles may pass through both sieves when a TMR is analyzed, and field research has suggested that both shaking frequency and sample dry ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dairy science 2003-05, Vol.86 (5), p.1858-1863
Main Authors: Kononoff, P.J., Heinrichs, A.J., Buckmaster, D.R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alfalfa haylage
alfalfa silage
Animal Feed
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
corn silage
Desiccation
drying
Feed and pet food industries
feeds
Food Handling - instrumentation
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Medicago sativa
moisture
Particle Size
Pennsylvania
processing technology
sampling
separators
shaking
sieve
sieves
Silage
total mixed rations
Universities
water content
Zea mays
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Summary:The Penn State Particle Separator has led to widespread measurement of forage and total mixed ration (TMR) particle size. However, a large proportion of small particles may pass through both sieves when a TMR is analyzed, and field research has suggested that both shaking frequency and sample dry matter may affect the results. The objectives of this project were to test the effects of an additional sieve with a smaller aperture size, shaking frequency, and sample moisture content on results obtained. A sieve was constructed out of wire with a nominal size aperture of 1.18mm. Samples of alfalfa haylage, corn silage, and a TMR were shaken at frequencies of 0.9, 1.1, and 1.6Hz with a 17-cm stroke length. Reducing shaking frequency to 0.9Hz resulted in more material being retained on the 19.0-mm sieve for all sample types, increasing the geometric mean. Increasing frequency to 1.6Hz did not affect the geometric mean, but did result in a greater amount of corn silage falling through the 1.18-mm sieve. For alfalfa haylage, moisture content between 57.4 and 35.6% did not affect results; however, for corn silage, less moisture increased the percentage of particles less than 1.18mm and decreased the geometric mean. For both sample types, further drying caused a greater proportion of small particles and a smaller geometric mean. We suggest using a third sieve and shaking at 1.1Hz or greater with a stroke length of 17cm when using the Penn State Particle Separator to analyze forage particle size.
ISSN:0022-0302
1525-3198
DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4