Inhibition of Polarizing Activity in the Anterior Limb Bud Is Regulated by Extracellular Factors

Anterior–posterior patterning of the developing limb is largely viewed as a function of polarizing activity. Recent evidence in polydactylous mutants, however, indicates that development of proper pattern also requires the involvement of inhibitory pathways in the anterior limb that prevent secondar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental biology 2001-12, Vol.240 (2), p.443-456
Main Authors: Schaller, Scott A., Muneoka, Ken
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Body Patterning
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - genetics
Chick Embryo
Culture Techniques
extracellular matrix
Extracellular Matrix - metabolism
Extracellular Matrix - transplantation
Extremities - embryology
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - pharmacology
Fibroblast Growth Factor 8
Fibroblast Growth Factors - pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Glycosaminoglycans - metabolism
Hedgehog Proteins
Heparitin Sulfate - metabolism
limb development
Mesoderm - transplantation
Mice
patterning
polydactyly
Polydactyly - embryology
Polydactyly - genetics
Sonic hedgehog
Trans-Activators - genetics
Transforming Growth Factor beta
Transplantation, Heterologous
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Anterior–posterior patterning of the developing limb is largely viewed as a function of polarizing activity. Recent evidence in polydactylous mutants, however, indicates that development of proper pattern also requires the involvement of inhibitory pathways in the anterior limb that prevent secondary polarizing zone formation, thus limiting the number of digits produced. We report the novel finding that grafts of extracellular matrix from the Mouse Posterior Limb Bud-4 cell line can induce supernumerary digits, including digits with posterior phenotype, from anterior chick limb mesenchyme. Unlike previously described mechanisms of pattern specification during limb development, it is shown that the extracellular matrix effect is not associated with release of an active signal. Rather, evidence is presented suggesting that heparan sulfate moieties in extracellular matrix grafts bind an endogenous, extracellular factor involved in inhibition of anterior polarizing activity, leading to derepression of the anterior limb and induction of polarizing zone marker genes including Sonic hedgehog and Bone morphogenetic protein-2.
ISSN:0012-1606
1095-564X
DOI:10.1006/dbio.2001.0500