Long-term weight-loss maintenance : a meta-analysis of US studies

Current perception is that participants of a structured weight-loss program regain all of their weight loss within 5 y. The objective was to examine the long-term weight-loss maintenance of individuals completing a structured weight-loss program. Studies were required to 1) have been conducted in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2001-11, Vol.74 (5), p.579-584
Main Authors: ANDERSON, James W, KONZ, Elizabeth C, FREDERICH, Robert C, WOOD, Constance L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Behavior modification
Biological and medical sciences
Body Weight
Diet, Reducing
Energy Intake - physiology
Exercise
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
MEDLINE
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - diet therapy
Obesity - therapy
Treatment Outcome
United States
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Weight control
Weight Loss
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Summary:Current perception is that participants of a structured weight-loss program regain all of their weight loss within 5 y. The objective was to examine the long-term weight-loss maintenance of individuals completing a structured weight-loss program. Studies were required to 1) have been conducted in the United States, 2) have included participants in a structured weight-loss program, 3) have provided follow-up data with variance estimates for > or =2 y. Primary outcome variables were weight-loss maintenance in kilograms, weight-loss maintenance as a percentage of initial weight loss, and weight loss as a percentage of initial body weight (reduced weight). Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Successful very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) were associated with significantly greater weight-loss maintenance than were successful hypoenergetic balanced diets (HBDs) at all years of follow-up. The percentage of individuals at 4 or 5 y of follow-up for VLEDs and HBDs were 55.4% and 79.7%, respectively. The results for VLEDs and HBDs, respectively, were as follows: weight-loss maintenance, 7.1 kg (95% CI: 6.1, 8.1 kg) and 2.0 (1.5, 2.5) kg; percentage weight-loss maintenance, 29% (25%, 33%) and 17% (13%, 22%); and reduced weight, 6.6% (5.7%, 7.5%) and 2.1% (1.6%, 2.7%). Weight-loss maintenance did not differ significantly between women and men. Six studies reported that groups who exercised more had significantly greater weight-loss maintenance than did those who exercised less. Five years after completing structured weight-loss programs, the average individual maintained a weight loss of >3 kg and a reduced weight of >3% of initial body weight. After VLEDs or weight loss of > or =20 kg, individuals maintained significantly more weight loss than after HBDs or weight losses of
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/74.5.579