Histone acetyl transferases: a role in DNA repair and DNA replication

In eukaryotic cells DNA is associated with proteins to form a complex known as chromatin. The dominant proteins within this chromatin complex are the histones, which are subject to a wide variety of covalent and reversible posttranslational modifications such as acetylation. A specialized family of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) Germany), 2002-08, Vol.80 (8), p.463-474
Main Authors: HASAN, Sameez, HOTTIGER, Michael O
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetyltransferases - physiology
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chromatin - physiology
DNA Repair - physiology
DNA Replication - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Histone Acetyltransferases
Histones - metabolism
Humans
Molecular and cellular biology
Molecular genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - physiology
Transcription. Transcription factor. Splicing. Rna processing
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Summary:In eukaryotic cells DNA is associated with proteins to form a complex known as chromatin. The dominant proteins within this chromatin complex are the histones, which are subject to a wide variety of covalent and reversible posttranslational modifications such as acetylation. A specialized family of enzymes, the histone acetyl transferases, catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from their cosubstrate acetyl-coenzyme A to lysine residues of histones. Acetylation of histone N-terminal lysine residues induces chromosomal changes and results in the loss of chromosomal repression that allows the successful transcription of the underlying genes. Analogously, in DNA repair and also DNA replication the chromosomal repression is thought to be relieved by such mechanisms. Recently several publications have provided evidence that histone acetyl transferases also modify nonhistone proteins and thereby regulate their activities. This review discusses various aspects of histone acetyl transferases and summarizes recent findings which suggest a role for histone acetyl transferases in DNA repair and DNA replication.
ISSN:0946-2716
1432-1440
DOI:10.1007/s00109-002-0341-7