Neuronal calcium-binding proteins and schizophrenia

Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) such as calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin are used as immunohistochemical markers for discrete neuronal subpopulations. They are particularly useful in identifying the various subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons that control output from prefrontal and cingula...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Schizophrenia research 2002-09, Vol.57 (1), p.27-34
Main Authors: Eyles, D.W, McGrath, J.J, Reynolds, G.P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers
Calbindin
Calcium-binding proteins
Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Calretinin
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism
Gyrus Cinguli - metabolism
Gyrus Cinguli - physiopathology
Hippocampus - metabolism
Hippocampus - physiopathology
Humans
Interneurons - metabolism
Medical sciences
Neuropathology
Parvalbumin
Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism
Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - metabolism
Schizophrenia - physiopathology
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Summary:Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) such as calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin are used as immunohistochemical markers for discrete neuronal subpopulations. They are particularly useful in identifying the various subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons that control output from prefrontal and cingulate cortices as well as from the hippocampus. The strategic role these interneurons play in regulating output from these three crucial brain regions has made them a focus for neuropathological investigation in schizophrenia. The number of pathological reports detailing subtle changes in these CBP-containing interneurons in patients with schizophrenia is rapidly growing. These proteins however are more than convenient neuronal markers. They confer survival advantages to neurons and can increase the neuron's ability to sustain firing. These properties may be important in the subtle pathophysiology of nondegenerative phenomena such as schizophrenia. The aim of this review is to introduce the reader to the functional properties of CBPs and to examine the emerging literature reporting alterations in these proteins in schizophrenia as well as draw some conclusions about the significance of these findings.
ISSN:0920-9964
1573-2509
DOI:10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00299-7