Astrocyte stellation in saline media lacking bicarbonate: possible relation to intracellular pH and tyrosine phosphorylation

Primary cultures of astrocytes exhibit a polygonal morphology, but on treatment with agents that increase cAMP they change to stellate cells. We found that astrocyte stellation also occurred on replacing the culture medium with saline buffered with HEPES. However, stellation did not occur when the m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain research 2002-08, Vol.946 (1), p.12-23
Main Authors: Cechin, Sirlene R, Gottfried, Carmem, Prestes, Cristina C, Andrighetti, Leticia, Wofchuk, Susana T, Rodnight, Richard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin cytoskeleton
Ammonium Chloride - pharmacology
Animals
Astrocytes - cytology
Astrocytes - drug effects
Bicarbonates - pharmacology
Biological and medical sciences
Cations - analysis
Cell Size - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Culture Media - chemistry
Culture Media - pharmacology
Drug Combinations
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
HEPES - pharmacology
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Intracellular Membranes - metabolism
Isolated neuron and nerve. Neuroglia
Lithium - pharmacology
Lysophosphatidic acid
Lysophospholipids - pharmacology
NHE1
Phosphorylation
Potassium - pharmacology
Rats
Rats, Wistar
RhoA pathway
Sodium Chloride - pharmacology
Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers - pharmacology
Sodium/hydrogen exchange enzyme
Tyrosine - metabolism
Tyrosine phosphorylation
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
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Summary:Primary cultures of astrocytes exhibit a polygonal morphology, but on treatment with agents that increase cAMP they change to stellate cells. We found that astrocyte stellation also occurred on replacing the culture medium with saline buffered with HEPES. However, stellation did not occur when the medium was replaced with saline buffered with bicarbonate/CO 2 provided Ca 2+ was present. Since exposure of astrocytes to media lacking bicarbonate results in a decrease in intracellular pH (pH i) we sought evidence for an association between pH i and morphology. Astrocytic pH i was monitored for 60 min after transferring the cells to HEPES or bicarbonate-buffered saline. HEPES-induced stellation was associated with transient acidification which coincided with the morphological changes. Acidification was not observed in cells transferred to bicarbonate–saline. However when cytoplasmic acidification of cells in bicarbonate–saline was induced pharmacologically, rapid stellation occurred. Stellation induced by cAMP is reversed by activation of the RhoA pathway with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Here we found that LPA inhibited HEPES-induced stellation, but only with Ca 2+ present. Inhibition of stellation by LPA+Ca 2+ was associated with transient acidification followed by modest alkanization. A close association of tyrosine phosphorylation with stellation and pH i was observed. Thus incubation of astrocytes in HEPES–saline with orthovanadate to inhibit dephosphorylation abolished stellation and acidification; conversely incubation of cells in bicarbonate–saline with genistein to inhibit tyrosine kinases caused stellation and major acidification. Acidification may be one of several factors resulting in stellation, but it is not a necessary factor since stellation without acidification was observed in bicarbonate–saline lacking Ca 2+.
ISSN:0006-8993
1872-6240
DOI:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02819-6