Recent urban growth and urinary schistosomiasis in Niamey, Niger

Summary A cluster sample survey was conducted in 1998 in 30 schools to assess the effect of the growth of Niamey during the last decade on a urinary schistosomiasis urban focus described in 1989. Two thousand and forty‐two children (11.0 + 0.1 years old) had a urine filtration test and answered a be...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tropical medicine & international health 2000-06, Vol.5 (6), p.431-437
Main Authors: Ernould, J. C., Kaman, A., Labbo, R., Couret, D., Chippaux, J. P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Diseases caused by trematodes
epidemiology
Female
Helminthic diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Male
Medical sciences
Niger
Niger - epidemiology
Parasitic diseases
Prevalence
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma haematobium - isolation & purification
Schistosomiases
Schistosomiasis haematobia - epidemiology
Schistosomiasis haematobia - transmission
Schools
Surveys and Questionnaires
transmission
Tropical medicine
urban focus
Urban Health
Urban Renewal
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Summary:Summary A cluster sample survey was conducted in 1998 in 30 schools to assess the effect of the growth of Niamey during the last decade on a urinary schistosomiasis urban focus described in 1989. Two thousand and forty‐two children (11.0 + 0.1 years old) had a urine filtration test and answered a behavioural questionnaire. Snail populations of the sites used by schoolchildren were followed up in 1999. The global prevalence was 15.7% in 1998, as opposed to 23.7% in 1989. The prevalence was very low in schools far from the river and higher in those along the Niger banks, particularly in villages on the periphery of the urban area. Geographical factors were more important than socio‐economic ones in explaining the distribution of the disease. Only 46% of the children in Niamey reported water contact; mainly in the river, rarely in pools and the canal. The infection risk was low in pools (RR = 1.6), high in the river (RR = 3.5) and very high in the canal (RR = 12.5). Malacological studies confirmed the location of transmission sites obtained through parasitological studies and the questionnaire. Sixty‐one per cent of the children travelled outside Niamey to the hyperendemic surrounding areas. However, these movements did not increase their infection level. The results are discussed in relation to water contact behaviour and Schistosoma haematobium transmission features.
ISSN:1360-2276
1365-3156
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00577.x