A novel approach to intrauterine viral inoculation of swine using PCV type 2 as a model

Experimentally intrauterine (IU) viral inoculation has been commonly used to circumvent maternal interference with transplacental infection of fetuses and to assess the effect of viral infection on fetal development or reproductive parameters. However, IU inoculation requires surgical procedures suc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Theriogenology 2004-04, Vol.61 (6), p.1025-1037
Main Authors: Yoon, Kyoung-Jin, Jepsen, Rebecca J, Pogranichniy, Roman M, Sorden, Steve, Stammer, Rich, Evans, Lawrence E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Circoviridae Infections - prevention & control
Circoviridae Infections - veterinary
Circovirus - genetics
Circovirus - immunology
Circovirus - isolation & purification
Disease Models, Animal
DNA, Viral - analysis
Female
fetal death
Fetal Death - virology
Fetal Diseases - virology
Gestational Age
Immunization - methods
Immunization - veterinary
Immunohistochemistry
Injections - veterinary
Intrauterine infection
PCV2
Pigs
placenta
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Porcine circovirus
Pregnancy
Reproductive failure
Swine
Swine Diseases - prevention & control
ultrasonography
Ultrasound needle-guided injection
Uterus
Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage
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Summary:Experimentally intrauterine (IU) viral inoculation has been commonly used to circumvent maternal interference with transplacental infection of fetuses and to assess the effect of viral infection on fetal development or reproductive parameters. However, IU inoculation requires surgical procedures such as laparatomy and surgical incision of the uterus. Post-surgical complications, that frequently result in abortion or fetal death, have been a major disadvantage. An animal trial was conducted to evaluate the non-surgical procedure of ultrasound needle-guided transabdominal injection for IU inoculation of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) since this virus has been reported to cause reproductive failure in pigs. Two groups of seven pregnant sows at mid- and late-gestation, respectively, were inoculated with PCV2 using an ultrasound needle-guided technique that delivered PCV2 directly into one of the fluid-filled fetal compartments. The effect of transabdominal in utero virus challenge on fetuses and sows was assessed until term. While five of six sham-inoculated control sows had no or minimal adverse affects from in utero injection, 10 of 14 virus-inoculated sows had dead and/or stillborn piglets and PCV2 infection was evident by polymerase chain reaction and/or immunohistochemistry. These results supported previous field and experimental observations that PCV2 may cause reproductive failure. In conclusion, ultrasound needle-guided transabdominal injection was a safe and efficient method for IU inoculation of virus in pigs.
ISSN:0093-691X
1879-3231
DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.05.001