Synergistic Effect of Low‐Frequency Ultrasound and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Transdermal Transport

Application of low‐frequency ultrasound has been shown to enhance transdermal transport of drugs (low‐frequency sonophoresis). In this paper, we show that the efficacy of low‐frequency ultrasound in enhancing transdermal transport can be further increased by its combination with sodium lauryl sulfat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2000-07, Vol.89 (7), p.892-900
Main Authors: Mitragotri, Samir, Ray, Debanjan, Farrell, Joanne, Tang, Hua, Yu, Betty, Kost, Joseph, Blankschtein, Daniel, Langer, Robert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Calorimetry
Electric Conductivity
General pharmacology
In Vitro Techniques
Medical sciences
Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Skin Absorption - drug effects
Skin Absorption - physiology
Skin Absorption - radiation effects
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - pharmacology
sonophoresis
Surface-Active Agents - pharmacology
surfactant
Swine
synergistic
transdermal
Ultrasonics
ultrasound
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Summary:Application of low‐frequency ultrasound has been shown to enhance transdermal transport of drugs (low‐frequency sonophoresis). In this paper, we show that the efficacy of low‐frequency ultrasound in enhancing transdermal transport can be further increased by its combination with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a well‐known surfactant. The dependence of the ultrasound–SLS‐mediated transport on ultrasound parameters, including intensity, net exposure time, and duty cycle, is discussed. The transdermal transport enhancement is proportional to ultrasound intensity as well as to exposure time, and is independent of duty cycle as long as the net exposure time is the same. The synergistic effect of SLS and ultrasound on transdermal transport increases linearly with SLS concentration. The enhancement is also proportional to the ultrasound energy density beyond a threshold value, which suggests that a certain minimum amount of energy density is required before noticeable changes in skin permeability occur. A similar dependence of the transdermal transport enhancement on energy density is observed in the case of the enhancement induced by ultrasound alone. Although the threshold energy density value in the presence of SLS is about 10 times lower than that in the case of ultrasound alone, the relationship between enhancement and energy density in the presence and in the absence of SLS is otherwise similar. Possible mechanisms for the synergistic effect of ultrasound and SLS are also discussed. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 89: 892–900, 2000
ISSN:0022-3549
1520-6017
DOI:10.1002/1520-6017(200007)89:7<892::AID-JPS6>3.0.CO;2-V