Aluminum Accumulation at Nuclei of Cells in the Root Tip. Fluorescence Detection Using Lumogallion and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

The mechanistic basis for Al toxicity effects on root growth is still a matter of speculation, but it almost certainly involves decreased cell division at the root apex. In this series of experiments, we attempt to determine whether Al enters meristematic cells and binds to nuclei when roots are exp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2000-06, Vol.123 (2), p.543-552
Main Authors: Ivo R. Silva, T. Jot Smyth, Dana F. Moxley, Thomas E. Carter, Allen, Nina S., Rufty, Thomas W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Aluminum
Aluminum - metabolism
Benzenesulfonates - chemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Nucleus - metabolism
Cell walls
Citrates
Economic plant physiology
Environmental Stress and Adaptation
Fluorescence
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genotype
Genotypes
Glycine max - genetics
Glycine max - metabolism
Lasers
Memory interference
Microscopy, Confocal - methods
Mineral nutrition
Nutrition. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Metabolism
Plant physiology and development
Plant roots
Plant Roots - metabolism
Plants
Root tips
Soybeans
Spectrometry, Fluorescence - methods
Water and solutes. Absorption, translocation and permeability
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Summary:The mechanistic basis for Al toxicity effects on root growth is still a matter of speculation, but it almost certainly involves decreased cell division at the root apex. In this series of experiments, we attempt to determine whether Al enters meristematic cells and binds to nuclei when roots are exposed to a low Al3+ activity in solution. The methodology involved the use of the Al-sensitive stain lumogallion (3-[2,4 dihydroxyphenylazo]-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid), the DNA stain 4′,6-diamino-phenylindole, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cv Young (Al-sensitive) and PI 416937 (Al-tolerant) genotypes were exposed to 1.45 μM Al3+ for periods ranging from 30 min to 72 h, and then washed with 10 mM citrate to remove apoplastic Al. Fluorescence images show that within 30 min Al entered cells of the sensitive genotype and accumulated at nuclei in the meristematic region of the root tip. Substantial Al also was present at the cell periphery. The images indicated that the Al-tolerant genotype accumulated lower amounts of Al in meristematic and differentiating cells of the root tip and their cell walls. Collectively, the results support an important role for exclusion in Al tolerance.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548
DOI:10.1104/pp.123.2.543