Oxidative interactions of synthetic lung epithelial lining fluid with metal-containing particulate matter

1  Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599; and 2  Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environment Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Epidemiol...

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Published in:American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2001-10, Vol.281 (4), p.807-L815
Main Authors: Sun, Guobin, Crissman, Kay, Norwood, Joel, Richards, Judy, Slade, Ralph, Hatch, Gary E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Ascorbic Acid - pharmacology
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology
Carbon - metabolism
Carbon - pharmacology
Coal Ash
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Glutathione - pharmacology
Humans
In Vitro Techniques
Metals - metabolism
Metals - pharmacology
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxygen Isotopes - pharmacokinetics
Particulate Matter
Respiratory Mucosa - cytology
Respiratory Mucosa - metabolism
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Summary:1  Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599; and 2  Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health and Environment Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Epidemiology studies show association of morbidity and mortality with exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM). Metals present in PM may catalyze oxidation of important lipids and proteins present in the lining of the respiratory tract. The present study investigated the PM-induced oxidation of human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (BALF) and synthetic lung epithelial lining fluid (sELF) through the measurement of oxygen incorporation and antioxidant depletion assays. Residual oil fly ash (ROFA), an emission source PM that contains ~10% by weight of soluble transition metals, was added (0-200 µg/ml) to BALF or sELF and exposed to 20% 18 O 2 (24°C, 4 h). Oxygen incorporation was quantified as excess 18 O in the dried samples after incubation. BALF and diluted sELF yielded similar results. Oxygen incorporation was increased by ROFA addition and was enhanced by ascorbic acid (AA) and mixtures of AA and glutathione (GSH). AA depletion, but not depletion of GSH or uric acid, occurred in parallel with oxygen incorporation. AA became inhibitory to oxygen incorporation when it was present in high enough concentrations that it was not depleted by ROFA. Physiological and higher concentrations of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase had no effect on oxygen incorporation. Both protein and lipid were found to be targets for oxygen incorporation; however, lipid appeared to be necessary for protein oxygen incorporation to occur. Based on these findings, we predict that ROFA would initiate significant oxidation of lung lining fluids after in vivo exposure and that AA, GSH, and lipid concentrations of these fluids are important determinants of this oxidation. autoxidation; residual oil fly ash; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; glutathione
ISSN:1040-0605
1522-1504
DOI:10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.4.l807