Cellular Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Occurs in Vaginal Secretions

Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission worldwide is the result of exposure to infectious virus in genital secretions. However, current vaccine candidates are based on virus isolates from blood. In this study, vaginal secretions from HIV-1–infected women were examined for evide...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2001-07, Vol.184 (1), p.28-36
Main Authors: Ellerbrock, Tedd V., Lennox, Jeffrey L., Clancy, Kelly A., Schinazi, Raymond F., Wright, Thomas C., Pratt-Palmore, Melody, Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy, Schnell, Cathy, Pai, Rekha, Conley, Lois J., Parrish-Kohler, Edith E., Bush, Timothy J., Tatti, Kathy, Hart, Clyde E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Amino acids
Antibacterial agents
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Biological and medical sciences
Blood
Blood plasma
cervicovaginal lavage
Cohort Studies
Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics
Female
Genitalia
HIV
HIV 1
HIV Infections - metabolism
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - physiology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Major Articles
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Mucus - virology
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Phenotype
Prospective Studies
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA
RNA Splicing
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Secretion
Vagina - secretion
Vaginal douching
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Viral Load
Virus Replication
Viruses
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Summary:Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission worldwide is the result of exposure to infectious virus in genital secretions. However, current vaccine candidates are based on virus isolates from blood. In this study, vaginal secretions from HIV-1–infected women were examined for evidence of cellular viral replication that produced virus with properties different from that in blood. Multiply spliced HIV-1 messenger RNA, which is found only in cells replicating virus, was detected in all vaginal lavage samples tested. There was a strong correlation between the amounts of multiply spliced HIV-1 messenger RNA and of cell-free HIV-1 RNA in the lavage samples. In addition, significant genotypic differences were found in cell-free virus from matched blood plasma and vaginal secretions. Moreover, drug resistance–associated mutations appeared in plasma virus several months before appearing in vaginal virus. These findings indicate that cellular replication of HIV-1 occurs in vaginal secretions and can result in a virus population with important differences from that in blood
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/321000