Hemoglobin/myoglobin oxygen desaturation during Alpine skiing

To investigate muscle blood volume (BV) change and hemoglobin/myoglobin oxygen desaturation (OD) during simulated giant slalom (GS) and slalom (SL) Alpine ski racing. Joint angle, BV, OD, and heart rate (HR) were evaluated during GS and SL events in 30 junior elite skiers ages 9--17 yr (13.5 +/- 2.3...

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Published in:Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2001-02, Vol.33 (2), p.232-236
Main Authors: SZMEDRA, Leon, IM, Joohee, NIOKA, Shoko, CHANCE, Britton, RUNDELL, Kenneth W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Altitude
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Volume
Child
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hemoglobins - analysis
Hemoglobins - chemistry
Humans
Male
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Myoglobin - analysis
Myoglobin - chemistry
Oxygen - analysis
Oxygen - metabolism
Skiing - physiology
Space life sciences
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
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Summary:To investigate muscle blood volume (BV) change and hemoglobin/myoglobin oxygen desaturation (OD) during simulated giant slalom (GS) and slalom (SL) Alpine ski racing. Joint angle, BV, OD, and heart rate (HR) were evaluated during GS and SL events in 30 junior elite skiers ages 9--17 yr (13.5 +/- 2.3). Subjects were stratified by ski class and age: group I, J1 and J2, ages 15--18 yr (16.8 +/- 0.8); group II, J3, 13--14 yr (13.6 +/- 0.7); and group III, J4 and J5, 9--12 yr (11.5 +/- 1.2). Near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) was used to measure BV and OD in the capillary bed of the vastus lateralis during trials. Maximal OD was determined during thigh cuff ischemia (CI). Quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) was estimated by skin-fold and thigh circumference. Joint angles were smaller (P < 0.05) during GS than SL for ankle (83.8 +/- 11.9 degrees; 98.6 +/- 15.7 degrees ), knee (107.4 +/- 14.9 degrees; 118.3 +/- 18.0 degrees ), and hip (98.8 +/- 14.3 degrees; 107.5 +/- 16.2 degrees ). BV reduction from rest to peak exercise (Delta BV) was 30% greater (P < 0.05) during the GS than SL, whereas Delta OD was 33% greater (P < 0.05) during GS. Delta OD, relative to CI OD, was greater for all subjects during GS (79.2 +/- 3.7%) than SL (65.7 +/- 4.4%). This pattern continued within groups; group II displayed the greatest relative desaturation (82.9 +/- 7.6%). CSA was larger in older skiers (92.5 +/- 21.6; 72.5 +/- 12.3; 65.3 +/- 21.2 cm(2)) and correlated with Delta OD (P < 0.05). The larger reduction in BV (Delta BV change) and greater OD when skiers assumed lower posture during GS than SL may be related to greater effective static load secondary to higher percent of maximal voluntary contraction and is consistent with compromised blood flow to working muscle.
ISSN:0195-9131
1530-0315
DOI:10.1097/00005768-200102000-00010