Arabidopsis GH3-LIKE DEFENSE GENE 1 is required for accumulation of salicylic acid, activation of defense responses and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae

In Arabidopsis, the GH3-like gene family consists of 19 members, several of which have been shown to adenylate the plant hormones jasmonic acid, indole acetic acid and salicylic acid (SA). In some cases, this adenylation has been shown to catalyze hormone conjugation to amino acids. Here we report m...

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Published in:The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2007-07, Vol.51 (2), p.234-246
Main Authors: Jagadeeswaran, Guru, Raina, Surabhi, Acharya, Biswa R, Maqbool, Shahina B, Mosher, Stephen L, Appel, Heidi M, Schultz, Jack C, Klessig, Daniel F, Raina, Ramesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - immunology
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis - microbiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Bacteria
bacterial pathogen
Biochemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Botany
defense signaling
Epistasis, Genetic
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
GDG1
Gene expression
Genes
Genes, Plant
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics and breeding of economic plants
GH3-LIKE DEFENSE GENE 1
Hormones
Mutation
Pathogens
Pest resistance
Plant Diseases - genetics
Plant Diseases - immunology
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plant Leaves - anatomy & histology
Plant Leaves - genetics
Plant Leaves - microbiology
Plant pathogens
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae - immunology
Pseudomonas syringae - physiology
salicylic acid
Salicylic Acid - metabolism
Signal transduction
Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims
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Summary:In Arabidopsis, the GH3-like gene family consists of 19 members, several of which have been shown to adenylate the plant hormones jasmonic acid, indole acetic acid and salicylic acid (SA). In some cases, this adenylation has been shown to catalyze hormone conjugation to amino acids. Here we report molecular characterization of the GH3-LIKE DEFENSE GENE 1 (GDG1), a member of the GH3-like gene family, and show that GDG1 is an important component of SA-mediated defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Expression of GDG1 is induced earlier and to a higher level in response to avirulent pathogens compared to virulent pathogens. gdg1 null mutants are compromised in several pathogen defense responses, including activation of defense genes and resistance against virulent and avirulent bacterial pathogens. Accumulation of free and glucoside-conjugated SA (SAG) in response to pathogen infection is compromised in gdg1 mutants. All defense-related phenotypes of gdg1 can be rescued by external application of SA, suggesting that gdg1 mutants are defective in the SA-mediated defense pathway(s) and that GDG1 functions upstream of SA. Our results suggest that GDG1 contributes to both basal and resistance gene-mediated inducible defenses against P. syringae (and possibly other pathogens) by playing a critical role in regulating the levels of pathogen-inducible SA. GDG1 is allelic to the PBS3 (avrPphB susceptible) gene.
ISSN:0960-7412
1365-313X
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03130.x