Successful Long-term Weight Maintenance: A 2-year Follow-up

OBJECTIVE: To find factors associated with successful weight maintenance (WM) in overweight and obese subjects after a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Subjects (133) followed a VLCD (2.1 MJ/d) for 6 weeks in a free-living situation. Of these, 103 subjects (age, 49.6 ±...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Md.), 2007-05, Vol.15 (5), p.1258-1266
Main Authors: Vogels, Neeltje, Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
adults
Attitude
attitude toward eating
attitudes and opinions
Body Composition
Body fat
body mass index
Body Weight
Calories
Cardiovascular disease
Diet
dietary restraint
dietary restriction
Eating - physiology
Eating - psychology
Exercise
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
lean body mass
leptin
Leptin - blood
Middle Aged
Netherlands
Obesity
Overweight
physical activity
Physical fitness
Research methodology
Surveys and Questionnaires
temporal variation
Time Factors
very low calorie diet
Weight control
Weight Loss - physiology
weight regain
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Summary:OBJECTIVE: To find factors associated with successful weight maintenance (WM) in overweight and obese subjects after a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Subjects (133) followed a VLCD (2.1 MJ/d) for 6 weeks in a free-living situation. Of these, 103 subjects (age, 49.6 ± 9.7 years; BMI, 30.9 ± 3.8 kg/m²) completed the following 2-year WM period. Body weight (BW), body composition, leptin concentration, attitude toward eating, and physical activity were determined right before (t0) and after (t1) the VLCD, after 3 months (t2), after 1 year (t3), after 1.5 years (t4), and after 2 years (t5). RESULTS: BW loss during VLCD was 7.2 ± 3.1 kg. After 2 years, follow-up BW regain was 69.0 ± 98.4%. After 2 years of WM, 13 subjects were successful (10% BW regain). At baseline, these groups were significantly different in BMI (33.7 ± 4.7 vs. 30.5 ± 3.5 kg/m², respectively; p < 0.05) and fat mass (38.3 ± 9.8 vs. 32.1 ± 8.3 kg, p < 0.05). Successful subjects increased their dietary restraint significantly more during the whole study period (dietary restraint score, -4.9 ± 4.4 vs. -2.1 ± 3.8). Furthermore, %BW regain was associated with the amount of percentage body fat lost during VLCD, which indicates that the more fat lost, the better the WM, suggesting a fat free mass-sparing effect. DISCUSSION: Characteristics such as the ability to increase dietary restraint and maintain this high level of restraint, fat free mass sparing, and a relatively high baseline BMI and fat mass were associated with successful long-term WM (
ISSN:1930-7381
1930-739X
DOI:10.1038/oby.2007.147