TLR3: Interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C)

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and its synthetic analog polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and induces type I interferon (IFN), inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and dendritic cell (DC) maturation via the adaptor protein TICAM-1 (also calle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced drug delivery reviews 2008-04, Vol.60 (7), p.805-812
Main Authors: Matsumoto, Misako, Seya, Tsukasa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvant
Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology
Adjuvants, Immunologic - therapeutic use
Animals
Cross-priming
Double-stranded RNA
Humans
Immunity - physiology
Innate immunity
Interferon Inducers - pharmacology
Interferons - biosynthesis
Killer Cells, Natural - physiology
NK cell activation
Poly I-C - pharmacology
RNA, Double-Stranded - pharmacology
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Signal Transduction - physiology
Toll-like receptor
Toll-Like Receptor 3 - biosynthesis
Toll-Like Receptor 3 - genetics
Toll-Like Receptor 3 - physiology
Type I interferon
Viral infection
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Summary:Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and its synthetic analog polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and induces type I interferon (IFN), inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and dendritic cell (DC) maturation via the adaptor protein TICAM-1 (also called TRIF). TLR3 is expressed both intracellularly and on the cell surface of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, but is localized to the endosomal compartment of myeloid DCs. Several studies in TLR3-deficient mice demonstrate that TLR3 participates in the generation of protective immunity against some viral infections. Involvement of TLR3-TICAM-1 in activation of NK cells and CTLs by myeloid DCs suggests that TLR3 serves as an inducer of cellular immunity sensing viral infection rather than a simple IFN inducer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on TLR3 and discuss its possible role in innate and adaptive immunity.
ISSN:0169-409X
1872-8294
DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.005