Titania and Titania-Silica Coatings for Titanium: Comparison of Ectopic Bone Formation within Cell-Seeded Scaffolds

The aim of this study was to compare titania (TiO 2 )-coated, titania-silica (TiSi)-coated, and uncoated (cpTi) titanium fiber meshes as scaffolds for bone engineering. The scaffolds were loaded with bone marrow stromal cells and implanted subcutaneously in rats. Ectopic bone formation after 1, 4, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tissue engineering 2007-04, Vol.13 (4), p.855-863
Main Authors: Meretoja, Ville V., Tirri, Teemu, Ääritalo, Virpi, Walboomers, X. Frank, Jansen, John A., Närhi, Timo O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biotechnology
Bone Marrow Cells - cytology
Bone Marrow Cells - physiology
Bones
Cell Culture Techniques - methods
Cell Proliferation
Cells, Cultured
Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry
Histology
Male
Materials Testing
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - physiology
Osteogenesis - physiology
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Silicon Dioxide - chemistry
Stromal Cells - cytology
Stromal Cells - physiology
Surface Properties
Tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering - methods
Titanium - chemistry
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Summary:The aim of this study was to compare titania (TiO 2 )-coated, titania-silica (TiSi)-coated, and uncoated (cpTi) titanium fiber meshes as scaffolds for bone engineering. The scaffolds were loaded with bone marrow stromal cells and implanted subcutaneously in rats. Ectopic bone formation after 1, 4, and 12 weeks of implantation was evaluated using histology and histomorphometry. After 1 week of implantation, multiple patches of unorganized mineralizing tissue were seen in all implants. The amount of this bone-like tissue clearly increased from 1 to 4 weeks. Bone apposition occurred in direct contact with coated meshes, while a thin layer of unmineralized fibrous tissue was often observed surrounding cpTi mesh fibers. After 12 weeks, the structure of bone, with bone marrow-like tissue, was further matured and mesh fibers were embedded in lamellar bone. No statistical differences in the amount of mineralized bone were observed between scaffold types at any point of time. Only TiSi scaffolds showed further increase in bone area from 4 to 12 weeks ( p < 0.01). A notable difference was that the sol-gel coatings resulted in enhanced initial bone contact and distribution of bone tissue, whereas uncoated implants showed bone formation mainly in the center of the scaffolds. In conclusion, TiO 2 -based sol-gel coatings may be used in tissue engineering to gain more uniform distribution of bone throughout titanium fiber mesh scaffolds.
ISSN:1076-3279
1557-8690
DOI:10.1089/ten.2006.0234