Molecular and functional characterization of goldfish ( Carassius auratus L.) transforming growth factor beta

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, activation and de-activation. It is one of the first cytokines released during an immune response and plays a strong immunomodulatory...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental and comparative immunology 2008, Vol.32 (6), p.654-663
Main Authors: Haddad, George, Hanington, Patrick C., Wilson, Elaine C., Grayfer, Leon, Belosevic, Miodrag
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Arthropoda
Carassius auratus
Cell Line
Cell Proliferation
De-activation
Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
Fibroblasts - cytology
Fibroblasts - metabolism
Fish
Freshwater
Goldfish
Goldfish - genetics
Goldfish - immunology
Inflammation
Innate immunity
Macrophages
Macrophages - metabolism
Nitric Oxide - secretion
Phylogeny
Proliferation
Recombinant Proteins - immunology
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Teleostei
TGF- β
Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics
Transforming Growth Factor beta - immunology
Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
Transforming growth factor-beta
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
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Summary:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, activation and de-activation. It is one of the first cytokines released during an immune response and plays a strong immunomodulatory role in the activation and subsequent de-activation of macrophages and other immune cells. TGF- β is a highly conserved molecule, and members of the TGF superfamily can be found in organisms as evolutionarily distant as arthropods. In this manuscript, we described the identification of a goldfish TGF- β molecule, which was highly expressed in the skin, kidney and spleen of the goldfish and its expression was up-regulated in macrophages treated with LPS or recombinant goldfish TNF- α. Goldfish TGF- β shared a high amino acid identity with, and was phylogenetically related to, TGF- β1 of other teleost fish, birds, amphibians and mammals. Recombinant goldfish TGF- β (rTGF- β) induced the proliferation of a goldfish fibroblast cell line (CCL71) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rTGF- β down-regulated the nitric oxide response of TNF- α-activated macrophages. This is the first report of teleost TGF- β function in an ectothermic vertebrate.
ISSN:0145-305X
1879-0089
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2007.10.003