Cognitive deficits in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum patients and their non-psychotic siblings: A comparison with ADHD

Abstract Background Previous research has shown cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the areas of executive function, verbal memory and attention. Subtle deficits have been shown in healthy first-degree relatives of patients, suggesting that they may be trait marke...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Schizophrenia research 2008-02, Vol.99 (1), p.85-95
Main Authors: Groom, M.J, Jackson, G.M, Calton, T.G, Andrews, H.K, Bates, A.T, Liddle, P.F, Hollis, C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADHD
Adolescent
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Cognition Disorders - diagnosis
Cognition Disorders - genetics
Cognition Disorders - psychology
Cognitive
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - psychology
High risk
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Neuropsychological Tests
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Risk markers
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - diagnosis
Schizophrenia - genetics
Schizophrenic Psychology
Schizotypal Personality Disorder - diagnosis
Schizotypal Personality Disorder - genetics
Schizotypal Personality Disorder - psychology
Siblings
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Summary:Abstract Background Previous research has shown cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the areas of executive function, verbal memory and attention. Subtle deficits have been shown in healthy first-degree relatives of patients, suggesting that they may be trait markers. The specificity of these markers for schizophrenia compared with another neurodevelopmental disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has not been reliably established. Methods The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT), FAS Test of orthographic verbal fluency (FAS) and Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) were administered to adolescent schizophrenia spectrum patients (SZ; n = 30), adolescent siblings of schizophrenia spectrum patients (SZ-SIB; n = 36), healthy control participants (HC; n = 72); a neurodevelopmental comparison group of adolescents with ADHD ( n = 27). Results The SZ group were impaired on all measures. The SZ-SIB group were impaired on IQ, immediate recall (RAVLT), target sensitivity (CPT-IP), response initiation (HSCT); error rates for the FAS and HSCT. There were no significant differences between the SZ-SIB and ADHD groups on individual measures of cognitive function. Principal Components Analysis revealed four factors on which further analyses were conducted. The SZ-SIB and ADHD groups showed different profiles of impairment on components related to response initiation and sustained attention/vigilance when each was compared with the HC group. Conclusions Deficits in intellectual function, verbal memory and response initiation/inhibition were found in the SZ-SIB group indicating that these are markers of risk for schizophrenia. Subtle differences in profiles of impairment in the SZ-SIB and ADHD groups on composite measures of attention and response initiation require further investigation.
ISSN:0920-9964
1573-2509
DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.008