Avirulence proteins from haustoria-forming pathogens

A major insight that has emerged in the study of haustoria-forming plant pathogens over the last few years is that these eukaryotic biotrophs deliver suites of secreted proteins into host cells during infection. This insight has largely derived from successful efforts to identify avirulence (Avr) ge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEMS microbiology letters 2007-04, Vol.269 (2), p.181-188
Main Authors: Catanzariti, Ann-Maree, Dodds, Peter N, Ellis, Jeffrey G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airborne microorganisms
Algal Proteins - genetics
Algal Proteins - metabolism
Ascomycota - genetics
Ascomycota - pathogenicity
avirulence proteins
Basidiomycota - genetics
Basidiomycota - pathogenicity
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Membrane - microbiology
Cell Membrane - ultrastructure
Cytoplasm
disease resistance
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
fungal effectors
Fungal Proteins - genetics
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Fungi
Genes
Haustoria
Host plants
Infections
Microbiology
mildew
mildews
Mycology
Oomycetes - genetics
Oomycetes - pathogenicity
Pathogenicity, host-agent relations, miscellaneous strains, epidemiology
Pathogens
Plant cells
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plants - microbiology
Powdery mildew
Proteins
rust
Rust fungi
Virulence - genetics
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Summary:A major insight that has emerged in the study of haustoria-forming plant pathogens over the last few years is that these eukaryotic biotrophs deliver suites of secreted proteins into host cells during infection. This insight has largely derived from successful efforts to identify avirulence (Avr) genes and their products from these pathogens. These Avr genes, identified from a rust and a powdery mildew fungus and three oomycete species, encode small proteins that are recognized by resistance proteins in the host plant cytoplasm, suggesting that they are transported inside plant cells during infection. These Avr proteins probably represent examples of fungal and oomycete effector proteins with important roles in subverting host cell biology during infection. In this respect, they represent a new opportunity to understand the basis of disease caused by these biotrophic pathogens. Elucidating how these pathogen proteins gain entry into plant cells and their biological function will be key questions for future research.
ISSN:0378-1097
1574-6968
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00684.x